由制度理論探討企業實施綠色供應鏈之研究

An Empirical Study on Drivers Affecting GSCM Practices from The Institutional Theory

有關綠色供應鏈的議題在近幾年愈來愈受重視。然而，綠色供應鏈是將各合作夥伴能有系統且有策略的協調整合，且此整合決策必須使公司內跨部門與整體供應鏈的相互合作；如此環環相扣的特性，使各家廠商在做決策時，皆會影響到其上下游廠商。但組織選擇綠色供應鏈管理關鍵的問題是，如何提昇營業績效的目標亦能同時有益於永續環境及企業競爭優勢？本研究以制度理論（Institutional Theory）的觀點探討(1)企業實行綠色供應鏈的動機，(2)企業實行綠色供應鏈對於環境績效與經濟績效的影響，(3)並深入研究綠色供應鏈在企業實施動機與績效之間中介角色。本研究以台灣前2000大電子業廠商為研究主體，並以已經或即將導入與運作綠色供應鏈的廠商及相關輔導單位的推動人員為選擇要件，對象則以負責推動綠色供應鏈或環保相關單位主管、負責人員或顧問為主。研究結果發現(1)企業實行綠色供應鏈對環境績效與經濟績效有顯著的正向影響；(2)實行綠色供應鏈的動機對實行綠色供應鏈也有顯著的正向影響；(3)綠色供應鏈在企業實行動機與績效之間扮演重要的中介角色。

Recently, both academic and practice communities noticeably emphasize on the “Green SCM” subjects. Learned from the rich body of SCM literature, no matter it is within cross-functional coordination, or strategic partnering across firm borders, the key focus of SCM is to ensure every participated business partners systematically coordinating and strategically integrating business decisions, operations and information, along the whole supply chain. In a well-structured supply chain, every business decision of attending business units will impact on its connected partners. Following the SCM managerial implications, managers, who are facing the Green SCM adoption decision, will need to answer a strategic question: By adopting Green SCM practice, how can a firm build up required competitive advantages, achieving the business targets and environmental sustainability goal simultaneously. Taking Institutional Theory perspectives, this research investigates three Green SCM centered questions: (1) Why do firms adopt Green SCM - What is the compelling motivation? (2) How will the adopted Green SCM influence the firms’ business performance and associated environment impacts? (3) How does the Green SCM practice, as the mediation mechanism, interplay between the adoption Motivation and performance outcomes. We have Taiwan top 2000 electronic manufacturing companies as the empirical data pool base. Specifically, we employ three filtering criteria to sample our target companies: companies have implemented Green SCM; companies are going to adopt this practice; companies are providing Green SCM consulting service in market. To further ensure the investigation quality, we have the Green SCM project leaders, consultants or the related environmental governance managers as our survey informants. The empirical results suggest three important findings: (1) The implemented Green SCM practices significantly and positively impacts on the firms’ business performance and environmental goals; (2) The motivation, adopting Green SCM practices, significantly and positively impacts the implementation performance; (3) The adopted Green SCM practice play the mediation role between the motivation and performance outcomes.