科學技術基本法與大學在國家創新系統的整合：以臺灣半導體技術創新活動為例

Fundamental Science and Technology Act and The Integration of Universities in National Innovation System: The Evidence in the Technological Innovation of Taiwanese Semiconductor Technology

科學技術基本法自1999年通過，除對於我國政府科技創新政策產生重要影響，對於促進大學參與產業技術創新活動亦是重要的體制因素，使得大學能在技術發展過程整合至國家創新系統運作中，與其他參與者共同促進國家整體技術創新成長。本研究以臺灣半導體產業技術創新活動為觀察對象，透過1988－2017年近30年的不同國家創新系統參與者的發明專利時間序列資料進行共整合分析，藉以了解大學在科技基本法立法前後與整體產業技術創新或與其他國家創新系統參與者技術創新活動的關係。研究結果顯示大學技術創新活動與整體產業技術發展呈同向發展，立法前國科會中介大學技術創新短期刺激產業技術創新效果明顯；立法後大學自主技術創新模式轉換成長期的貢獻。再者，大學與企業技術創新立法後長期關係由正轉負，顯示大學與產業技術創新具有時間落差；大學與政府技術創新立法後短期由負轉正、長期皆為正向關係，顯示政府角色由替代大學轉換成橋接產業技術創新；大學與個人技術創新立法前後都是短期替代，長期在立法後便無明顯關係，呈現個人申請在立法前後皆為大學發明人參與產業技術創新的替代機制。綜合上述結果，本研究認為科技基本法確實改變大學參與國家創新系統的方式，讓大學得以整合至系統運作，然立法後大學依然按照國家研發分工，與其他參與者沿著整體產業技術發展維持相對應長短均衡關係，共同促進產業技術創新。

After the enactment of Fundamental Science and Technology Act (STBL), it does not only push the changes of S&T policies but also facilitate the universities to engage in industrial innovation. Most importantly, it leads the universities to integrate into the national innovation system (NIS) of Taiwan. To understand the impact of STBL to the integration of universities in a NIS, the study employs an empirical analysis on the technological innovation of semiconductor technology in Taiwan. This study collects the utility patent filing in the sector from 1988 to 2017 across the before and after the legislation of STBL and uses a cointegration analysis for time-series data on measure the relationship of technological innovation between universities and other NIS's actors. The results show that the relationship between the universities and the whole technical development has transformed from a short-run stimulus to a long-term contribution after the passage of STBL. Furthermore, after the passage of the act, the technological innovation of the universities has a time lead with the industrial firms to show a negative relationship. On the relationship with the government, it transforms from a substitutive to a coordinating relationship. However, it stays a substitutive role with the innovation of the individual. This study confirms that the STBL has promoted engagement in industrial innovation of the universities. Yet, the universities still follow their position on the national R&D to co-coordinate with other NIS's actors harmoniously in the industrial innovation.