台灣生物技術產業學研技轉制度障礙之探討

The Systematic Barriers of Academia-Industry Technology Transfer in the Taiwanese Biotechnology Industry

生技公司為提升創新能量，會經由技轉中介單位協助，透過技轉取得學研機構的研發成果。然而學研技轉仍會面臨障礙，過去研究發現政策與法規對於技轉具有很高的影響力，能夠影響技術特性、技轉中介單位的資源與營運模式，而間接的影響技轉成效，因此也必須優先改善政策與法規層面所遭遇的障礙。本研究基於過去研究考量政策法規對技轉的交互影響結構，透過質化訪談國內各學研機構所有具生物技術技轉單位之技轉人員，探討我國生技產業學研機構技轉在政策法規上所面臨的重要障礙，包括：（1）技術作價入股課稅問題；（2）國外廠商技轉問題；（3）繁複的技轉行政作業程序問題；（4）智財放棄問題；（5）技術與專利品質。為克服學研技轉現況障礙，本研究也提出三個改善建議，包括程序的精簡、資源適當控管、提升學研機構技術研發競爭力並提出具體作法建議：（1）立法機關放寬與明訂技術入股相關法規；（2）立法機關部份放寬與修正對國外廠商技轉法規；（3）政府協助培訓或補助聘任特定專業人才或成立專責機構；（4）主管機關改善技轉規範與技轉單位流程；（5）政府改善研究計畫審查、提升研究產出品質。改善政策法規層面的障礙能讓資源更有效運用，也提升研發成果競爭力，進而促進生技產業學研技轉成效。

Many biotechnology firms heavily rely on external technology and knowledge from academia to improve the internal R&D capabilities. However, the intermediaries would encounter barriers in the process of technology transfer. Literature shows that the government policies and regulations highly influence the process of technology transfer. Policies and regulations influence the characteristics of technology, the resources, and management strategies of intermediaries, and indirectly influence the performance of technology transfer. Thus, the first priority of enhancing technology transfer should be overcoming the barriers of policies and regulations. This study bases on previous literature that focuses on the interdependent structure of the factors influencing technology transfer. This study interviewed the managers and directors in the TTOs of universities and research institutes, which were awarded Taipei Biotech Award. The results show that the major barriers of policies and regulations of technology transfer from academia are relevant to: (1) technology investments and the taxes; (2) international technology transfer; (3) complex procedures and paper work of technology transfer; (4) patents abandonment; (5) the quality of technology and patents. For overcoming the barriers, this paper provide three policy suggestions,, including simplifying the procedures, allocating the limited resource more proficiently, and enhance the competiveness of innovation quality of universities and RIs. The suggestions for improving the implementation of technology transfer includes: (1) clarifying the regulations relevant to technology investment; (2) deregulation to encourage international technology transfer; (3) enhance governmental support of training and recruiting professionals, or establishing external specialized organization; (4) improving regulations and procedures of technology transfer; (5) improving research quality. By overcoming the obstacles of policies and regulations, the intermediaries could more effectively use the human resources and financial resources. The competiveness of the R&D outcomes and the performance of technology transfer from academia could also be enhanced.