以文創產業為對象之大學育成中心價值網絡創造：多層次利害關係人分析視角

Value Network Creation of University Incubator for Cultural and Creative-based Start-ups: A Multilevel Stakeholder Analysis

近年在各國政府積極推動文化創意產業之趨勢下，各大學紛紛於政府補助或自身資源協助下，成立大學文創育成中心，扶植地方或學生文創設計團隊，拓展市場面與內容面所需平台資源。然而，在此文創業者與育成中心之雙方合作模型中，過去以產業育成或創業網絡為基礎之文獻，並未針對文創創業之資源條件特性與價值需求出發，探討文創類育成中心由下而上（bottom-up）之平台服務模式，也較少分析此模式下育成中心的價值網絡創造機制、以及此創造機制對新創業者之創業歷程所帶來的共演化影響。因此，本計畫以成大文創育成中心與內部23家進駐業者為研究對象，採質性之詮釋型個案研究法，自育成進駐業者、育成中心、與外部利害關係人的微觀、介觀、與巨觀等三階段層次出發，探討大學育成中心如何協助文創業者於價值共創觀點下完成價值網絡創造之研究問題。研究結果發現，育成中心之價值定位與價值網絡創造模式可依發展演進區分定位期、價值共享期、與網絡成長期等三階段，而進駐業者與育成中心在此價值共創系統視角下，其共創歷程亦為一對應的共演化發展歷程，分別包括價值定位與資源拓展階段、創業網絡共演化階段、以及網絡串連與價值共創階段。

University incubators focusing on cultural and creative start-ups were broadly established under the trend of recent national policy for promoting cultural and creative industries, thereby creating the necessary platform resources at market or content level. However, previous literatures regarding industry incubation and entrepreneurship network lacked the analysis and discussion about the specific resource condition and value demand from cultural and creative entrepreneurs in the collaborative model between incubator and incubatees. In addition, there were few studies of bottom-up incubator service explaining the co-evolving process in this value network creation mechanism. As a result, this paper selects the NCKU Culture and Creativity Incubation and R&D Center, and its twenty-three incubatees as case study by qualitative interpretive case study method, to explore the research questions about how the university incubator can facilitate the value network creation of cultural and creative start-ups using the multilevel stakeholder perspective at micro, meso, and macro level. The research findings identify that this co-evolving process can be divided into three development phases for value creation mechanism including value positioning and resource expanding, co-evolution of entrepreneurship network, and network connecting and value co-creation phase.