服務創新保護模式探討-以統合觀點分析

Appropriability Modes in Service Sectors: Towards a Synthesis Approach

本研究旨在探討台灣服務創新保護模式，採用服務創新理論中統合觀點與公司具體性為理論基礎，同時考量正式化與非正式化創新保護機制，以發展服務創新保護模式。本研究選擇第二次台灣產業創新活動調查（2004-2006）中1,769服務業為實證對象，透過二階段集群分析方法，整合階層與非階層統計方式，提出四項台灣服務創新保護模式：（1）無明顯保護模式、（2）非正式化保護為基礎模式、（3）正式化保護為基礎模式、（4）混合保護為基礎模式。本研究認為服務業選擇創新保護模式是基於公司屬性與創新活動特性的不同，存在公司具體化差異，不同服務業中的企業可能存在相似的創新行為，選擇相同的保護模式；最後本研究針對這四項創新保護模式提出具體管理意涵與政策建議。

This study developed appropriablity modes in Taiwanese service firms. Derived from the synthesis approach and firm-specificity to study service innovations, we took both formal and informal appropribility forms into account. Based on the dataset of 1,769 service firms from Taiwan Innovation Survey (2004-2006), we conducted a two-step cluster analysis technique, combining the hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods to characterize the appropriability modes. The four distinct appropriability modes were identified as follows: (1) non-appropriability mode, (2) informal-oriented mode, (3) formal-oriented mode, and (4) joint use-oriented mode. The study revealed that appropriability modes in service sectors differ from ones in manufacturing that characterize the firm-specific features to conduct their protection patterns. Different service firms may conduct the homogeneous appropriability modes even if they were categorized into the different sectors. We concluded that the firm-specificity plays an impotanct role in conducting appropriabilie modes and innovation protection patterns. Finally, several management and policy implications for these appropriability modes were provided.