馬華穆斯林相關研究述評

Review of the Studies of Malaysian Chinese Muslims

根據目前所蒐集的資料顯示，早在十五世紀就有馬華穆斯林。至於對這些人做研究，目前已知最早具體指出發現華裔皈依人口數的，則是英人V. Purcell（維多巴素）。他於一九三一年到馬來亞做調查，人數為3,443人。第二位具體講出數據的是Osman Chuah（蔡福龍），本人即是穆斯林的他，在博士論文專論雪蘭莪州的華人穆斯林。文中提到，一九五○年一年之中皈依者有4人，一九五一年到一九六○年，有50人。但是，他並非全面性調查，而且也沒有華人穆斯林的總量統計。從一九六○年代開始，華人皈依伊斯蘭教者雖然明顯增加，但皈依所帶來的問題也應運而生。首先通論馬國這個問題的，是馬來西亞華人非穆斯林的林廷輝。他早於Osman Chuah，在一九八○年代，先以〈大馬華族回教徒〉為題發表第一篇文章。之後，或以馬來文或中文獨自發表多篇文章，或與太太宋婉瑩共同發表。一九九○年以後直到今日，除了林廷輝夫婦與Osman Chuah（蔡福龍）之外，馬來西亞還有Shamsul教授、Rosey Wang Ma（王樂麗）、Chee Kheung Lam（林煜堂）、Chee-Beng Tan（陳志明）、Tian Yong Fong（方天養）等；台灣有陳鴻瑜、蔡源林、麥留芳、及筆者等，也注意到這個問題。大陸也有多位學者，如田英成、張禹東、廖大珂、范若蘭、廖小健、陳玉龍、黃雲靜等，也開始探討。由此可見，馬華穆斯林問題漸受重視。學界對馬華穆斯林的論述，在研究方法上：由早期的單一質性研究演變為質性與實證兼具的研究；研究範圍：由馬六甲擴及到馬來西亞；研究議題：不再侷限研究單一的議題，而是更加廣泛，舉凡文化（包括食、衣、住、語文）、社會（包括宗教、風俗習慣）、經濟、政治等層面的相關議題均包含在內，極具多元化。

There had been Chinese Muslims from early the 15(superscript th) century in Malaya. The 1st research about the Malaysian Chinese Muslims, however, was done by V. Purcell in 1931. He said the population of the Muslims was 3443.The 2nd statistics was done by Osman Chuah, a Chinese muslim, in his Ph.D. dissertation on Chinese Muslims in Selangor. He said there were 4 Chinese converted to Muslim in 1950. From 1951 to 1960, there were 50 Chinese converted to Muslim, but he didn't show the total.The 1st person who was aware of this problem in Malaysia, is a Non Muslim: Mr Lim Hin Hui, whose studies were earlier than Osman Chuah.1990's onwards till now, apart from Mr & Mrs Lim Hin Hui and Osman Chuah, and, the one who continued to the study, in Malaysia was Prof. Shamsul. Besides, Rosey Wang, Chee Kheung Lam, Chee Beng Tan, Tian Yong Fong are also interested in the same field. In Taiwan, there were Hong Yu Chen, Yuan Lin Cai, Lau Fong Mak, Hong Yuan Chu and myself who aware of the said issues and relevant articles were published. In Mainland China, there have been, and still is, more scholars: Ying Cheng Tian, Yu Dong Zhang, Da Ke Liao, Ruo Lan Fan, Xiao Jian Liao, Yu Long Chen, Yun Jing Huang etc. The scholars and doctors are aware of the same issues.