夫妻間之權力來源、衝突因應策略與婚姻品質

Effect of Power Source and Conflict Coping Strategy on Marital Relationships

本研究從權力來源、過程、結果的觀點，以配偶知覺感受評估的角度來檢視夫妻在婚姻關係中擁有的權力，區分夫妻權力來源類型，並探討權力來源類型對婚姻品質的影響是否因衝突因應策略與夫妻性別而有所不同。調查對象為大台北地區已婚夫妻342對，測量變項為夫妻評估配偶擁有的六種權力來源（參照權、威嚇權、酬賞權、專家權、資訊權及法定／正當權）、夫妻衝突因應策略（溝通對話、迴避隱忍、爭執外求三個二階策略）、婚姻品質（充實感與後悔感）及人口變項。主要結果顯示（1）丈夫評估妻子有較高的威嚇權、酬賞權、專家權及正當權，妻子則評估丈夫有較高的資訊權；妻子報告的爭執外求顯著高於丈夫，而丈夫報告的婚姻品質顯著高於妻子。（2）依據權力來源可將夫妻們區分為四個類型：夫權威型、雙多權型、夫多聞型及妻多聞型，分別占9.49%、23.84%、23.50%及43.16%。（3）階層線性模型的結果顯示，「雙多權型」夫妻的婚姻品質明顯最佳；溝通對話策略愈高、迴避隱忍或爭執外求策略愈低的夫妻，其婚姻品質愈良好；而婚姻品質亦因性別、權力來源類型及衝突因應策略的交互作用而大為不同。這些結果凸顯權力來源與衝突因應策略在華人夫妻關係間的獨特意義與作用。

This study explored the marital power from the spouses' perception and the perspective of power source-process outcome, distinguished the patterns of power source among couples, and examined whether the effects of dyadic power source patterns on marital quality was different due to the conflict-coping strategy and the gender. Data were collected from 342 married couples in Greater Taipei area. The measurement included six sources of power (referent, coercive, reward, expert, informational and legitimate powers) reported by the spouse, conflict-coping strategies (dialogic, evasive and controversial strategies by second order factor analysis), marital quality (satisfaction and regret), and control variables. The main results showed that (1) husbands perceived their wives had higher coercive, reward, expert and legitimate powers, and wives evaluated their husbands had higher informational power. Wives used more controversial strategy then husbands, while husbands reported higher levels of marital quality than wives. (2) The dyadic power source patterns could be identified as Husband Authority, Dual Multiple Powers, Husband Knowledgeable and Wife Knowledgeable. The four patterns had proportions of about 9%, 24%, 24% and 43%, respectively. (3) The results of hierarchical linear models showed that the Dual Multiple Powers couples reported the highest marital quality than the other three. Couples who used higher dialogic, lower evasive, or lower controversial strategy had better marital quality. Moreover, the interaction terms of gender and dyadic power source pattern and conflict-coping strategy showed significant effects on marital quality. These results highlight the unique role and function of power sources and conflict coping strategies in the martial relationships.