論《皺水軒詞筌》之詞學觀與創作論

He Shang's points of view for criticizing lyrics

賀裳（生卒年不詳），字黃公，號檗齋，自署九曲河隱者、白鳳 詞人，江蘇丹陽人，生卒年不詳，康熙初諸生，工於詞，有《紅牙 詞》、《皺水軒詞筌》一卷，《全清詞》共輯錄其詞作 93 首，另有 《載酒園詩話》五卷。 賀裳處於明末清初詞道復興之時，認為詞之為體，自當有詞之本 色，需與其他文體有所分疆，不可相混，即便評論以豪放派風格為主 之詞家，仍以稱許其婉約作品為主；在詞體觀方面，仍沿襲宋代以來 觀念，將詞體視為「小道」，然此時正當易代，賀裳受到時代氛圍影 響，同時能肯定詞作中的警醒之音。 創作論方面，則主張創作應秉持詞的婉約本色，填詞要以婉麗流 暢為風格，務求「柔情曼聲」、「摹寫殆盡」，方能彰顯詞體特色， 但同時要避免過分露骨，因又以含蓄婉約矯正平衡之。 賀裳在清初詞壇中雖非著名大家，但其觀點繼承前人並演化新 說，亦具匠心，其詞學思想主要可見於《皺水軒詞筌》中，本文即以 《皺水軒詞筌》為主，探討賀裳對詞體觀點與填詞方法之主張。

He, Shang (years of birth and death are not in detail) , whose birth place is located in Dan-Yang , Jiangsu Province. His years of birth and death remained unknown. He passed the national exam and became one of the qualified scholars in the early period of Kang Xi Emperor. He was contemporary of the shifting times of Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is the meantime of revival of lyrics, a classical form of poetry. He advocated that composing of lyrics needs to done neatly , magnificently, and elegantly as well . Faced with the sorrow caused transition of the regime , He considered that lyrics should reflect the contemporary era. His principles of and theories of lyrics could be found in the book called '' Chou Shui Xuan Ci Quan '' This essay discusses the methods of He Shang's composing lyrics and his points of view for criticizing lyrics.