現役軍人違失行為之責任條件－─以推定過失責任、狀態責任、連坐責任為中心

Wilfulness and Negligence of wrongful acts by Active Service Men:Focus on Presumption of Negligence Liability, Status Liability and Collateral Penalty

陸海空軍懲罰法第3條第1項為貫徹「有責任始有處罰」之憲法原則，乃規定違失行為非出於故意或過失者，不罰。但透過第15條第14款規定，援引為懲罰事由之各類國防法規，不乏違反前開責任條件之規範意旨。本文透過法制面之觀察，以「推定過失責任」、「狀態責任」與「連坐責任」為探討重心，重新檢視各類法規，提出分析與檢討，以供實務運作或法制面之參考。

Art.3.1 of the Armed Forces Punishment Act stipulating the wrongful acts are not punishable unless committed intentionally or negligently, which implements the constitutional principle of''responsibility comes with punishment''. However, through Art.15.14, each kind of defense regulations quoted as punishment still violates the meaning of wilfulness and negligence. Through observation of legal study, this article sheds light on Presumption of Negligence Liability, Status Liability and Collateral Penalty| re-examines each kind of regulations| submits analysis and reviews to take practical operation and legal study as reference.