血液培養歷史演進、臨床重要性及常見的問題

Evolving history, clinical significance,and common issues of blood culture

經由血液培養找到造成感染症的致病微生物，在感染症病人之臨床治療決策中扮演關鍵性的角色，除了可以確定致病原之外，並同時提供抗微生物製劑的敏感性測試結果報告，以利治療藥物的選擇|臨床上有很多和血液培養相關的習慣性規則，但不一定是正確的或是有文獻上的佐證，如：抽幾套血液培養最合適、不同套中間需間隔多久、接種時是否要更換針頭、採檢時應如何消毒皮膚、延長培養時間是否可提高陽性率、為何小兒專用的血液培養沒有厭養瓶等問題|藉由文獻及指引的內容，釐清較有爭議的部分，以正確及嚴謹的態度來處理及理解這個常規的臨床檢驗。（感控雜誌2020:30:188-195）

Blood culture plays a pivotal role in clinical infectious diseases for the determination of etiology and treatment option using antimicrobial susceptibility tests. There are some ''concepts'' or ''habits'' in the daily practice of blood culture that may not be scientifically accurate. These include what are the most reasonable sets for each patient, how long should be the duration between different sets, should needles be changed during inoculation, what kind of antiseptics are best for skin preparation, could prolonged incubation increase positive rates, and why only aerobic culture, but not anaerobic culture, is used in pediatric patients? We clarify these common ambiguous issues in the practice guidelines and scientific literature on blood culture.