生態瞬時評估於身體活動與休閒行為之研究

Ecological momentary assessment in the research of physical activity and leisure behavior

近年來社會科學領域，開始廣泛地以「生態瞬時評估」作為主要測量個人行為與經驗的研究設 計。生態瞬時評估著重在即時地且重複地蒐集研究對象在每日生活中的行為，此優勢為最大化研究 的生態效度與最小化回憶偏差。隨著科技的發展，生態瞬時評估可有效透過智慧型手機完成每日的 測量。本文提供生態瞬時評估對於身體活動與休閒行為的實證研究，並且介紹這些研究如何應用生 態瞬時評估，探討個人身體活動與休閒行為在短時間內的變化，以及此變化對於個人健康變項間的 關係。本文期透過分析生態瞬時評估的優缺點，以及提供未來研究如何應用生態瞬時評估在身體活 動與休閒行為領域，以供運動與休閒研究者在研究設計上參酌。

In recent years, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been widely used to measure personal behavior and experience in everyday lives in social science. EMA emphasized data collection with repeated and timely assessment in capturing subjects' daily behavior and experiences in real life. EMA also aims to maximize ecological validity as well as to minimize recall bias. As technology advanced, EMA can effectively collect data using smartphones and wearable devices. The current paper provides examples of empirical EMA studies in the fields of physical activity and leisure behavior, as well as summarizes the pros and cons of using EMA approach. EMA enables researchers to explore short-term changes in physical activity and leisure behavior and how the changes relate to health variables within each subject. However, conducting EMA study is time-and-resource-demanding and requires advanced analytic skills to process intensive longitudinal data. In sum, the authors suggest that understanding the strengths and weaknesses of EMA, and how EMA can be implemented in physical activity and leisure research is a promising approach to advancing the knowledge in our field.