爐鞴與兵法——晦山戒顯《禪門鍛鍊說》的兩種概念譬喻探析

Furnace and the Art of War: Study of Two Conceptual Metaphors of Hui Shan ''the Book of Zen Exercise''

本文以譬喻為視角，討論明清之際遺民晦山戒顯《禪門鍛鍊說》之用喻特色與思維，並藉由分析譬喻的策略與行動，管窺晦山戒顯的學風特色與自我定位。明清禪學的特色之一，即晚明禪者禪師用心於禪門鍛鍊方法的省思與重新構築，禪者不僅重視鍛鍊之方，而且競相撰集，蔚為風氣，晦山戒顯《禪門鍛鍊說》一書，即為代表作之一。過去學界對晦山戒顯的研究受限文獻闕如，難識其人其學之風貌。近年則受惠於自日本傳回之詩文語錄全集，漸為學界研究與重視。本文嘗試從晦山戒顯《禪門鍛鍊說》取譬於兵家，且自居為禪門孫武子為線索，佐以相關詩文語錄，透過概念譬喻、譬喻策略，以及譬喻行動等面向的分析，探討晦山戒顯《禪門鍛鍊說》的特色及其個人定位。

This paper uses the metaphors perspective to discuss the metaphorical characteristics of the ''the Book of Zen Exercise'' in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the ''Buddhist Studies of the Late Ming Dynasty,'' Master Sheng Yen pointed out that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zen monks not only emphasized the exercise methods, but also devoted to write books. The writings received from the ''Zen Practice and Validation'' are also written in this category. It is shown that an important academic issue in the late Ming Dynasty is the thinking and reconstruction of Zen practicing methods. The older scholars also paid more attention to this phenomenon and discussed many aspects of the writings of Zen masters in the late Ming Dynasty. This paper tries to revisit the metaphors of Hui Shan's theory of Zen exercise and its thinking characteristics. The Zen Masters' metaphors are not merely rhetorical words, but rather that it highlights the specific aspect of Zen exercise through the formation of a cognitive framework of metaphors. The goal is to digest the old saying on the one hand, and highlight new ideas. On the other hand, through the use and competition of metaphorical strategies, it highlights the merits and demerits of other schools, and implements them as concrete metaphorical actions.