國三生實際家庭結構、經濟壓力對憂鬱情緒之影響：社會支持之調節作用

The Effect of Gender, Family Structure, and Academic Satisfaction on 9 th Graders' Depressive Mood: Moderation between Social Support and Economic Hardship

隨著資本的發展，經濟弱勢學生的福祉愈來愈受到重視。過往文獻認為，加諸在學生身上的經濟壓力，會對學生的憂鬱情緒有所影響。再加上一向以來台灣的學生有較多升學壓力，尤其是以國三生為甚，故本研究要探討他們的保護因子有哪些？因此，本研究主旨在探討影響國三生憂鬱情緒之因素，資料來自於「臺灣青少年成長歷程研究」之第三波國三生問卷共2,591人。根據研究目的，採用階層迴歸方法依序納入控制變項（性別、學業滿意度）、實際家庭結構、經濟壓力、社會支持、經濟壓力與社會支持之調節作用來探討對於國三生憂鬱情緒之效果。結果發現：一、危險因子中的經濟壓力以及保護因子中的家人支持、同儕支持與教師支持均能夠解釋國三生的憂鬱情緒。二、實際家庭結構對國三生的憂鬱情緒並不是顯著的影響因子。三、家人支持、同儕支持能夠調節經濟壓力以緩衝國三生的憂鬱情緒。最後，針對本研究結果提出建議，以供家庭、學校及未來研究之參考，也俾利學校教師進行輔導。
This study examines the incremental effect, over and above family structure, economic hardship and social support on 9th graders students' depressive mood by using hierarchical regressions. The survey data was collected by the Taiwan Youth Project from 2,591 students using a multistage stratified sampling, and results show the following. (a) Economic hardship is a risk factor that could significantly account for students' depressive mood. Moreover, family support, peer support and teacher support are protective factors that could significantly reduce students' depressive mood. (b) Family structure is not an important factor in explaining students' depressive mood. (c) Family support and peer support were moderated by economic hardship and then had an effect on students' depressive mood. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.