第二次世界大戰期間中國猶太社群移民史之英文學術論著回顧

State of the Field: English-Language Scholarship on WWII Central European Jewish Refugee Migration to China

第二次世界大戰時期，超過15,000名猶太難民從納粹占領的中歐地區逃難至中國。目前已有若干博物館、主題展覽與紀錄片探討這段歷史，更有由當事人現身說法的系列講座與討論會，但深入研議此課題的學術論著仍然有限。本文旨在回顧關於中國猶太難民群體的英文學術論著。首先，筆者簡述中歐猶太難民遷移至中國的歷史背景，之後聚焦於兩種最主要的學術取徑：一、日本的國家與軍事政策如何對待猶太人，從而促使猶太難民遷往中國；二、猶太難民遷移至中國後如何重新組織自身社群。然筆者認為以上兩種取徑，皆忽略了當時中國人的觀點和心聲。建議未來的研究者，應留心中國百姓對於猶太難民的觀感與認識，以豐富今人理解此一課題的視角。

During World War II, over 15,000 Central European Jewish refugees fled Nazi-occupied Europe for China. While many museum exhibitions, documentaries, and speaker series have focused on this chapter in history, detailed scholarship on the subject, particularly in English, has remained more limited. After giving a brief historical overview of the topic, this paper will survey the extant English-language scholarship on Jewish refugee migration to China by examining the two most prevalent strands of scholarship to date. The first line of inquiry focuses on the status of European Jewry in Japanese state and military policy, which fostered refugee migration to Japanese-occupied China, and the second examines the internal organization of the refugee community on the ground. By doing so, this paper ultimately aims to demonstrate that both approaches have left little room for the voices and perspectives of Chinese people. This paper concludes by advocating for the integration of more source materials and methodologies to include Jewish refugees' Chinese neighbors in this field of history.