波蘭後共時期憲政體制轉型──從半總統制走向內閣制

Polish Constitutional Transformation in Post-Communist: From Semi-Presidential System to Parliament System

本文回顧波蘭後共初期採用半總統制的背景及其實踐過程中所遭遇的困境，探討轉型時期同樣來自民選的總統與總理，其互動與爭權的情況，以及政治菁英在這段時期的爭辯，而後落實於1997的新憲法制訂，使得波蘭得以逐漸向議會內閣制轉型的過程，其中尤其以1997年憲法的修訂、以及克瓦許涅夫斯基總統的角色特別值得探討。對於同屬於第三波民主化的台灣，且國人對憲政體制仍有諸多爭議之際，本文的「波蘭經驗」或有部分值得國人參考而能收他山之石的效果。

This article reviews the background of Polish Semi-President system in the post-communist era and the difficulties it encountered in the process of enforcement, to explore the interaction and struggling for power between elected president and chancellor and the debates on constitutional system between political elites during this period. Constitutional transformation was eventually completed in Polish 1997 Constitution which fostered Poland toward parliament system gradually. Particularly worth mentioning is the Polish1997 Constitution and the role of formal president Aleksander Kwasniewski in the whole process. Both Taiwan and Poland are third wave democratization countries, the Polish experience'' may offer some lessons that Taiwan can learn from