挫折之概念分析

Concept Analysis of Frustration

每個人從小到大的成長過程，甚至邁入老年階段，有著不同程度的挫折經驗。無論是健康或生病的人都無法避免挫折，「挫折」儼然已成為日常生活中常見之負向情緒感受。回顧國內外文獻，發現有關「挫折」的概念並沒有一致性的定義，本文使用Walker和Avant(2005)提出的八個步驟對「挫折」進行概念分析，分別介紹典型、邊緣、相關、相反案例，藉以澄清「挫折」的定義性特徵。此概念分析的結果，歸納出「挫折」的特徵有以下五項：(1)面臨壓力情境所出現的一種情緒狀態；(2)主觀的心理認知；(3)主觀的感受；(4)目標遇到障礙致使個人內在動機、需求無法被滿足；(5)出現負向情緒或消極行為。藉著瞭解「挫折」概念，採取合宜因應方法，創造有利自己及他人之正向結果，未來可延伸此概念並運用於相關專業領域及研究上。

In the course of growing up from the childhood to the adulthood, or even to the old age, everyone experiences varying degrees of setbacks. As setbacks are inevitable, regardless of healthy or unwell, frustration appears to be a common negative emotion in a person's daily life. Past studies have revealed that there is no consistent definition of 'frustration'. In light of this, this study intends to analyze the concept of frustration with the eight steps proposed by Walker and Avant (2005), and to represent typical, peripheral, relevant, and opposite cases, in order to clarify the defining characteristics of frustration. The concept analysis found that frustration has the following three characteristics: 1) Faced with stressful situations the frustration is a mental status; 2) frustration is a subjective psychological cognition ; 3) frustration is a subjective emotion ; 4) When individuals encounter stressful situations or needs and goals unconquerable obstacles ; 5) The resulting negative emotions or negative behavior response. It is anticipated that understanding the concept of frustration and adopting appropriate coping measures can benefit oneself and others. In the future, the concept can also be extended and applied in pertinent professional fields and researches.