花蓮某偏鄉國小學童在家飲食狀況及營養教育之探討

Dietary Status and Nutrition Education at Home among Elementary School Children from a Rural Area of Hualien

背景：兒童時期個體自家庭及學校獲得與飲食相關之概念與範例，是人們發展飲食行為的關鍵時期，但是偏鄉國小學童之營養狀況普遍不佳，而且他們的飲食行為很少被探究。目的：本研究旨在瞭解偏鄉國小學童於家庭中之營養攝入狀況及飲食行為，及家長與學校對學童飲食之影響。方法：採用質性研究的半結構式訪談法，以花蓮某偏鄉學校國小學生家長為研究對象，共計9位家長（母親7位，祖母2位）參與。每位家長訪談一次，約一至二小時，訪談時全程錄音，訪談後整理成逐字稿，將文本內容進行歸納分析。結果：家中食物來源以白米為主，不喜歡吃糙米，因經濟考量，較少購買乳品類及水果類，家中很少提供健康點心，而含糖飲料攝取頻率高。早餐外食居多，午餐晚餐家中自行烹調。家長會依孩子喜歡的食物及吃飽為前提，為孩子選擇食物。有些學童會將學校所學的飲食營養知識告知家長，進而影響家庭飲食的選擇。結論：花蓮某偏鄉學校學童在家飲食的營養攝取不均衡，可能與家庭經濟及家長對營養的概念不足及飲食偏好有關。未來在偏鄉學童營養教育的規劃上，除了學校教育外，建議也要將家長列入營養教育的對象。

Background: Childhood is a critical period for the nutrition intake and establishment of dietary behavior of individuals who obtain related concepts and models from their families and schools. However, the nutrition status elementary school students in rural areas seems poor and their dietary habit is seldom examined. Objective: Our study aimed to understand the nutrition intake, dietary habit, parents' concept on children's diet and nutrition, and influences from school among elementary school students in a rural area of Taiwan. Method: A qualitative approach was used with semi-structured interviews on 9 parents (7 mothers and 2 grandmothers) of elementary school students in a rural area of Hualian. Each parent was interviewed once for 1 to 2 hours. The entire interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim into manuscripts for generalization and further analysis. Results: White rice was the staple food at home and preferred over brown rice. Dairy products and fruits were seldom purchased by the families due to economic concern. Healthy snacks were seldom provided while the sugar-sweetened beverages were frequently consumed. Parents usually allowed schoolchildren to purchase breakfast on the way to school, and prepared lunch and dinner at home. Parents made food choices mainly based on satisfying the satiety and preference of children. Some students brought the diet and nutrition knowledge learned at school home which may influence food choices of the family. Conclusion: The diet and food groups consumed by school children of a rural area in Hualien was imbalanced and may be related to the economic status as well as the diet and nutrition concept of their parents. Involving parents as part of the target audience of rural school nutrition education may be considered in future strategic planning.