| 英文摘要 |
The terms relational and collectivist are used to describe the Chinese cultural emphasis on groups and relationships, which is different from the focus on individuals in western societies. To provide an in-depth holistic understanding of the fundamental characteristics of Chinese people, we review articles on interpersonal and intergroup relations published in Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies. Since the journal was initiated, the greatest quantity and diversity of articles published have focused on the topic of interpersonal relationships. The research interest in this topic reflects the importance of interpersonal relationships as the representative cultural feature of Chinese societies. We reviewed and divided articles on interpersonal relationships into three categories. (1) Types of interpersonal relationships and their rules of interaction: The primary characteristic of Chinese social relationships is that Chinese people use different rules of interaction to interact with people in different relationships. In order to understand the mechanism underlying Chinese interpersonal relationships, it is necessary to probe how Chinese people classify social relationships and identify the rules they apply in subsequent interactions. Relationships are classified according to the principle of qin-qin (loving one's relatives according to the relationship), and the principle of zun-zun (serving the superior). (2) Culturally significant concepts and their psychological functions: Social interaction is important in daily life. When a social interaction leads to conflict or distress, Chinese people regulate this negativity according to cultural expectations. Most regulating responses and behaviors reflect a uniquely Chinese way of adapting to social change. For example, mientze (face), yuan, ren (forbearance) and zhong yong are designed to strengthen interpersonal relationships or cope with conflict and distress in social interaction. (3) Specific interpersonal relationships (especially in the case of filial piety in the parent-child relationship): The parent-child relationship is the most dominant relationship in Chinese society. It is not much affected by social change and retains many traditional features in contemporary society. As a representative cultural value, filial piety not only reflects the basic interaction principles between parents and children, but also integrates the generation-age-gender order to support the operation and continuity of family functions. The parent-child interaction principle can be generalized to other social relationships as well. We reviewed and discussed the development of indigenous filial piety theory to highlight filial piety as the most culturally representative value in Chinese society. We elucidated how to conceptualize filial piety from the perspective of psychology and how to develop a corresponding theory and apply it in the real world. Our review and discussion of articles in each category reveals how these studies evolved. We further expanded the scope of the review from the topic of interpersonal relationships to the topic of inter group relations. National identity has been an important social phenomenon and research topic in Taiwan over the past two decades. It influences the behaviors and life styles of Taiwanese people. We also detailed the process that is changing national identity in Taiwan. The study of echoes the tenet of this journal: to reflect and describe contemporary social phenomenon and the lives of local people. Finally, we adopted 'one mind, many mentalities' as a methodological perspective to integrate the 25 years of research on the topic of interpersonal relationships and inter group relations, and to paint a possible future for Chinese indigenous psychology. By tackling both cultural and psychological factors, researchers are able to achieve the most fundamental purpose and common goal for Chinese indigineous psychologists: having the academic autonomy to implement local knowledge and theories. |
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