錦繡中華──反共脈絡下的中國山河再現

Splendid China - Reconstruction of Chinese geography Under Anti-communism

本文研究目的在於考察反共時期刊物所刊載有關中國山河的記憶再現問題。檢視如《暢流》、《自由談》等1950年代在台灣發行的綜合性文藝雜誌，當不難發現它刊載眾多回憶中國山河的文章。其中，不乏古典文獻常見的名勝山水和歷史古蹟，這些地方不僅是懷念故鄉的媒介，同時也是古典美學的再確認，更是反攻大陸的心理根據。另外，1975年出版達一百餘萬言的《細說錦繡中華》上下兩冊書，可說是一本總結再現中國山河和整體性展演國土的著作。該書由作家郭嗣汾執筆，書頁間夾附畫家陳乃勇的七百餘幀精緻插畫，是一本圖文並茂的圖冊鉅著。全書把全中國領土分成六個地方，再依省分安排四十個章節，分別詳細交代各地方的地理位置、地形特徵、歷史沿革、發展概況、人口分布、氣候特產等國家統治所需的知識和情報，然後再逐一介紹各地的名勝古蹟、歷史軼事和自然景觀。於此，本文乃嘗試以「記憶政治」和「空間認同」觀點，分析反共時期中國山河大量再現的意義以及其背後成因。在此，所謂「記憶」，與其說是單純指一個人的經驗保存，毋寧說是經由傳播的過程，形成大家所共有的傳統文化及社會經驗。因此，研究「記憶」應該要注意其形成、傳播及再現的社會過程，以及控制這些過程的政治權力或特定意識型態的運作機制，同時也要考察該社會的文化價值、集團特性和傳統文化的脈絡軌跡。本論文對反共時期大陸來台文人再現中國山河在政治、社會、文化上扮演的角色和功能所進行的分析研究，既是本人考察反共意識型態的論述化類型的一環，同時也將作為研究反共時期台灣社會知識生產和論述結構的一個學術基礎。

This research aims to investigate the journal articles related to the reconstruction of the memory of Chinese geography during the period of anti-communism. While reviewing comprehensive literary magazines such as Unhindered Flows and The Rambler published in the 1950s in Taiwan, one can easily find plenty of articles about the memory of Chinese geography. Classic scenic landscapes and historic relics frequently appear in these articles, as a medium for nostalgia, a reaffirmation of classic aesthetic, and moreover, a mental foundation of counterattack against the mainland. For example, Dilatation upon splendid China published in 1975 is an integrated combination of the reconstruction of Chinese geography and a comprehensive display of Chinese territory. The book is written by Sifen Guo and decorated by Naiyong Chen with more than 700 delicate illustrations. In this book, the Chinese territory is divided into 6 regions and then written in 40 sections according to provinces. The geographical location, topographical features, history, development overview, population distribution, climate and special products are all described in details as the basic knowledge of a national ruler. The historic relics, anecdotes, and natural landscapes are also introduced. From the view of memory politics and spatial identity, this research paper attempts to inquiry into the meaning of and reasons for the abundant articles related to the reconstruction of Chinese geography during the period of anti-communism. At here, the word “memory” is a common cultural and experience rather than experience by an individual. Therefore, it is crucial to realize the social process which forms, propagates, and remakes the “memory”, and it is also important to understand the political power and ideology which control that process. Investigation of the cultural value of the society, the characteristics of the group and the trajectory of traditional culture is also needed. This research paper demonstrates the analysis of the reconstruction of Chinese geography in articles by immigrated literati from China to Taiwan under anti-communism, and the investigation on their political, social and cultural roles. The above work is a part of the author’s research on the ideology of anti-communism, and this is also an academic foundation of understanding the generation of social knowledge and its discussion structure in the period of anti-communism.