華語語系（與）一九四九：重新表述中國夢

The Sinophone (and) 1949: The Chinese Dream Rearticulated

以華語語系（與）一九四九的辨證關係為切入點，這篇文章企圖在文化論述與文學想像的脈絡中處理所謂「中國夢」的問題，也就是政治的及歷史的地理與文化政治的辨證關係。現代中國的曲折發展本身就是一個不斷發夢的過程：從自強運動到立憲改革，再經民族革命與民主運動，而至改革開放，中國的現代化進程無非是一個又一個，一代又一代夢想的累積，只是有些夢想已成過眼雲煙，有些則是災難一場，傷痕處處。事實上，「中國夢」的表述本身就是對「中國該往何處去？」的關切，是關於中國（及其文化）的理想與追求，也是散諸四海的華人社羣與知識分子如何安頓自身、介入現實的重大課題。在文化論述與文學想像的場域裡，如楊儒賓的《一九四九禮讚》、陳冠中的《建豐二年》以及黃錦樹的《南洋人民共和國備忘錄》等，「中國夢」的相關表述尤其值得重視，因為它們與作者的離散情境有著高度的共構，也是作者試圖介入與表述的對象。本文的目的就是想通過這些關心「現代中國」的文本，思考華語語系表述如何想像與實踐「中國夢」。透過分析這些表述，本文試圖探討：這些文本如何在想像與理解「中國夢」之際，重新測定華語語系與「一九四九」的意義。

This paper first reconsiders the debate between Der-wei Wang and Shu-mei Shih regarding the boundaries of the Sinophone, whether it should be retained for the Chinese diaspora or extended to an engagement with mainland China, by looking at 1949 as a critical historical disjuncture in which “China” was understood as an idea and ideal accessed by different political imaginations-capitalist democracy, communist revolution, as well as cultural preservation in the overseas. In short, this paper revisits the significances of 1949 through the lens of the Sinophone. In particular, it considers three texts-Yang Rubin's Salutation to 1949 (Yijiusijiu lizhan), Chen Guangzhong's The Second Year of Jianfeng (Jianfeng ernian), and Ng Kim Chew's Memorandum of People's Republic of the South Seas (Nanyang renmin gongheguo beiwanglu)-that deal with the meanings of 1949 as both the promise and failure of the “Chinese” dream-a dream of justice, democracy, prosperity, and national self-determination. These texts, I submit, represent the Sinophone rearticulations of the Chinese dream that complicate and trouble the meaning of “Chineseness” as a cultural identity, national imaginary, and a means to dreams. In the ascendance of the Chinese Dream, driven by the state ideology as the fulfillment of the promise of 1949, it is perhaps time that we revisit the Sinophone and 1949 to trace and recollect the missing pieces of the Chinese dream.