愛或不愛？：論自我犧牲與女性主體

To Love or Not to Love?: On Self Sacrifice and the Female Subject

本文旨在藉由愛、責任與自我犧牲之間的內在拉扯，探討佛洛伊德心理分析中「自我犧牲」的概念，以及它與女性主體形塑的關係。無庸置疑，佛洛伊德的精神分析在二十一世紀思潮仍具有相當的影響力。本研究避開佛洛依德理論在近代研究中已廣受討論的主題（如詭異、創傷、焦慮、愧疚、羞恥等），企圖檢視一個較被忽視之主題：自我犧牲。除了檢視佛洛伊德自我犧牲的概念外，筆者將進一步探討異性戀女性主體形塑的困境。因此，本文將試圖思考下列問題──在基督（猶太）傳統及佛洛伊德的精神分析中，愛、犧牲與倫理之間有何具爭議性的關係？對佛洛伊德而言，自我犧牲之動機為何是「壓抑」的投射，而非「自我實現」？換言之，自我犧牲的女性主體將會導致一個「疲弱自我」（weak ego），還是一個「強勢自我」（strong ego）？對女性主體之自我形塑而言，佛洛伊德精神分析的自我犧牲論述有何須深入探討的重要性？

This paper is aimed at a re-examination of Freudian self-sacrifice and its relation to the heterosexual female subject. Doubtlessly, Freud's psychoanalysis is still very influential to the development of the 21st century thought. Yet, in order to avoid overused Freudian topics (such as the uncanny, trauma, anxiety, guilt and shame) discussed in recent studies, I want to explore a much less studied, if not completely neglected, subject in Freudian psychoanalysis: self-sacrifice. Moreover, in order to go beyond the established Freudian boundary, I will problematize Freud's idea of selfsacrifice with regard to the heterosexual female subject. These research aims will be guided by the following questions: What is the relation between love, sacrifice and ethics in Christian (Jewish) tradition and Freudian psychoanalysis? Is the motif of self-sacrifice (for women) a projection of repression rather self-realization? Does (women's) self-sacrifice entail a weak ego or a strong ego? What are the problems of Freudian interpretation of self-sacrifice in terms of the ego-formation of the female subject?