兒童虐待案件中的不作為犯──以不作為犯參與作為正犯之案件類型為討論對象

On the Criminal Liability of the Omission Offences in Child Abuse Cases

本文以探討同居人虐童案中，參與作為犯罪之不作為者之刑事責任為目的。此種案例類型及其問題點，係甲攜子女丙與乙同住，於乙對丙毆打或虐待，而甲未保護丙或未阻止乙之暴行時，甲之刑事責任如何判斷的問題。就此，本文從臺日兩則相似案件出發，分析臺日判決於檢討上的差異，並援用日本法上的議論為素材，針對甲之刑事責任判斷上應予處理的問題點，以共犯處罰根據論、因果性的要求、作為義務的要求與內容、作為可能性、不作為犯的正共犯區分等爭點來切入討論，最後以臺灣同居人虐童案之評析作結。

The purpose of this article is to discuss the criminal liability of the omission offences in child abuse cases. To be more specific, this type of case is as follows: A lives together with B, but B beats or abuses A's child C. The issue is how to judge A's criminal liability when A does not protect or prevent C from B's criminal act. The criminal liability of B's is noncontroversial, whereas that of A's leaves a point at issue. Thus, this paper will try to probe into the controversy from several perspectives: the theory of the punishment of complicity, the requirements of causality, the requirement and content of duty of act, actability, and the criterion of the principal of omission offences.