賽夏語領屬句構相關議題初探

Issues Related to Possessive Constructions in Saisiyat

本文有兩個主要的研究議題。第一個議題是探討賽夏語「有」動詞hayza’的發展途徑。研究顯示許多語言在領屬句構、存在句構以及處所句構均使用同一個「有」動詞，使得「有」動詞同時具有「領屬義」、「存在義」、以及「處所義」。再者，許多語言的「有」動詞並經常進一步語法化為動貌標記。本研究分析賽夏語「有」動詞hayza’的發展途徑，希冀能提供一類型學的比較基礎。第二個議題則是描述賽夏語的領屬句構分裂現象。相關研究顯示台灣南島語中的魯凱語以及卑南語，在區分領屬可否分割之面向上呈現領屬句構分裂現象。本研究顯示賽夏語的領屬句構則是在內部/外部領屬者的面向上呈現句構分裂；其外部領屬者句構通常用於特殊的身體不適或是隱含令人不悅或不便利的情境意涵。在使用外部領屬者句構時，領屬者被構建成另一個個體，且與受事件影響的領屬物同時受到事件的波及；而在使用內部領屬句構時則沒有這樣特別的意涵。

This study aims to explore two issues related to possessive constructions in Saisiyat. The first issue is the development paths of the Saisiyat same HAVE verb hayza'. Studies show that many languages use the in possessive, existential and locative constructions, to be of possessive, existential and locative HAVE-verb leading the HAVE-verb meangings. Moverover, HAVE-verbs in many languages are found to further develop into aspect markers. With an attempt to provide data for future typological comparative studies, this study sets out to analyze the development paths of the Saisiyat HAVE verb hayza'. The second issue addressed in this study is split possession. Of all Formosan languages, Rukai and Puyuma have been reported to have split possession phenomena related to(in) alienability of possession. This study will show that Saisiyat also displays split possession related to internal and external possessor constructions; its external possessor constructions are often used in describing somatic illnesses or carrying an implication of „unpleasant‟ or „inconvenient‟. In external possessor constructions, the possessor is often construced as an entity influenced by the event as is the affected possessum. Nonetheless, no such implication can arise from the use of internal possessor constructions.