台灣客家話在地化現象之考察

An Investigation of Hakka Nativization in Taiwan

台灣的客家話迄至目前為止，多偏向「趨異」的研究，以挖掘不同客家口音的調查報告或以某一口音在不同地區之變異為標的。其實，台灣的客家話雖然分為四縣、海陸、饒平、東勢、詔安等不同腔調，但是由於客家人生存於台灣，自然無法免除於各階段統治者強力推動的語言政策之影響，如日據時代的皇民化運動、國民政府推行的國語運動、民進黨政府推行閩南語運動等等無不深深影響客家話之語音與詞彙，使客家話產生了「在地化」特色。由於日本語詞的大量借入客家話，由於國語昂然地走入客家人的日常溝通之中，由於閩南話無所不在的包圍與台灣意識的擴張，使台灣的各種客家話的內在結構漸趨一致，帶有濃厚的台灣色彩，然而這種現象在文獻中迄今尚未引起太多的注意。本文從語詞及語音兩方面，檢視台灣客家話共同的在地化現象，並認為客家話未來應多重視趨同現象之研究，循序漸進地建構「台灣客家話」的共通特質。

Studies of Hakka for the time being have been focused on divergence, trying to find different varieties or the difference in accents resulting from different areas. As a matter of fact, Hakka, just like Southern Min, naturally has different varieties. However, the specific historical events in Taiwan have great impacts on the developments of Hakka. For instance, Japanese, Southern Min, and Mandarin all played a role of superstratum over Hakka. As is usual the case, Hakka has borrowed a great amount of vocabulary from these three languages. The borrowed vocabulary signifies the unique characteristics of Hakka in Taiwan, which makes its difference from the Hakka spoken in Mainland China. In this article, we examined the difference in vocabulary and phonology from the perspective of the theory of nativization.