海陸客家詞彙的趨同趨異表現

The Vocabulary Study of Hailu Hakka Dialect on Convergence and Divergence

由於歷時與共時因素的影響，台灣客家話「在地化（nativization）」特徵日漸明顯。頻繁的語言接觸使得台灣海陸客家話和其他客語次方言融合而有不少詞彙的「趨同」演變；另一方面，台灣海陸客家話部分詞彙已與與廣東始源客家話有所不同，此又屬於「趨異」表現。本文所謂「趨同」表現乃指台灣內部語言而言；「趨異」表現則指與廣東原鄉客話不同的部分。客家詞彙差異演變與語言接觸有很大的關係，也形成不少獨有的方言特色，本文運用「語言接觸」與「方言特徵詞」理論探析客家方言詞彙演變情形，一則比較台灣新竹與廣東陸河客家話，找出兩岸海陸客家詞彙的差異、分析演變型態、探討差異成因所在，二則歸納台灣客家詞彙產生變化的共通特點，試圖找出台灣本土客家話所特有的「方言特徵詞」與「關係特徵詞」，由此揭示台灣海陸客家話詞彙特色之所在。

Under the influence of Diachronic and Synchronic, 'nativization' characteristics become apparent in Taiwan's Hailu Hakka dialect. Due to frequent contact and mutual integration, there is a growing number of 'convergence' performance between Taiwan Hailu Hakka and other sub-dialects; on the other hand, Taiwan's Hailu Hakka has been some different from Guangdong primordial Hakka, and this is the 'divergence' performance. In this paper, the so-called 'convergence' means the performance of Taiwan's internal language, while 'divergence' means the different parts from the birthplace. This article will use 'Language Contact' and 'dialect features words' theory to analyze the evolution of Hakka dialect to identify the characteristics of the Hailu Hakka, and analysis the factors behind the formation. We will compare Taiwan's Hsinchu as well as Guangdong's Luho Hakka words, and try to find the difference vocabulary of cross Strait. Secondly Sum up commonality vocabulary features of Taiwan's Hailu and Xisien Hakka, thereby we can reveal the vocabulary characteristics of Taiwan Hakka language.