客家話「好」及其搭配成份之研究：語料庫之應用

The Collocational Patterns of Hakka Ho ‘good’: From the Perspective of Corpus Linguistics

本文從語料庫語言學的角度出發，以現有之客家話書面語及口語（包含對話和獨白）語料庫為依據，先搜尋最常出現在「好」的左右邊各一個的句內搭配成分，檢視「好」與這些成分在不同語體之中的搭配類型、出現頻率以及這些分布和語體之間的關係，再進一步從中選取高頻率的搭配類型「毋+好」和「好+無」在不同語體中的語法和語意特點、篇章／語用功能、分布狀況，其中「毋+好」可進一步區分成八種次類，且不論在哪一種語體，主要皆為表命令用法和義務用法，唯書面語出現的搭配類型較多，可見語體之影響；「好+無」則可分成四類，主要充當緩和語，但僅在口語中進一步發展出表反駁之功能，這也顯示語體之差別。最後我們以教育部編纂的北四縣腔客家語教材為例，檢視此兩種構式的分布，提出相關之編排建議。

Based on the examples gleaned from the Hakka written and spoken(including dialogues and monologues) data, we first find out the most frequent left and right collocates of ho and then narrow down to one such element on each side. Specifically, we focus on the co-occurrence of m + ho and ho + mo. The issues we then take up include the syntax, semantics, pragmatic/discourse functions, and distributions of these two constructions. The m + ho pattern can be divided into eight subtypes. Among them, m + ho is mainly used as a directive marker, expressing the notion that the agent participant is instructed or permitted to do what is involved, and as a deontic modal, expressing the notion of moral acceptability. On the other hand, ho + mo, used mainly as a mitigator, can be subdivided into four types. The influence of text types is shown by the fact that m + ho allows more collocates in the written language and that ho + mo is used as a rebuttal marker only in the spoken language. Finally, we examine the distributions of the two constructions in the Hakka textbooks compiled by the Ministry of Education and suggest that the different uses of m + ho and ho + mo be arranged in a more systematic way.