旗津半島語言地理的Glottogram研究

Glottogram Research of Linguistic Geography on Kî-tin Peninsula

高雄市旗津區屬於狹長型的地理環境，是臺灣少數半島的地形，後來因為高雄港開港而變成了孤島，經過筆者的調查研究，此地區所通行的閩南語，是屬於偏泉腔的語音類型（蔡惠名2008）。本文利用傳統方言學所調查的結果，從中選出特殊語音詞彙及文化詞彙共18詞進行田野調查，旗津區有13個里，每個里分別訪問一位老年層及一位青年層發音人，總計26人。由於地理語言學觀察的語言現象，往往是連續性的，因此並本文將加上與旗津原本相連的紅毛港、大林蒲的相關語料一併進行觀查分析。以在日本地理語言學界運用多年的Glottogram方法，來呈現旗津半島閩南語的語言地理的分佈現象。Glottogram的研究方法，是一種（location×age）圖表，但所調查的地理位置必須是線性的，由於旗津半島是狹長型地形，所以正符合這種研究方式。旗津半島表面上的語音、詞彙的地理分佈情形似乎很混亂，但是經過以Glottogram年齡與地理的相互關係的分析，我們發現其實旗津半島的語言地理分佈現象，正是「方言周圈論」等理論的實際展現。本文調查時間為2009年1月份及3月份，根據調查結果顯示，旗津閩南語的語音特色在老年層漸漸褪色，青年層也多以高雄通行腔的說法為主。

Kî-tin(旗津) District of Kaohsiung City, with its long and narrow shape, was a peninsula rare in Taiwan. After the construction of Kaohsiung Harbor, the Peninsula then became an isolated island. According to(Tsai 2008), the Southern Min Dialect spoken in Kî-tin belongs to the group of Quanzhou dialects. Based on the data gathered by methodology of traditional dialectology, I picked 18 lexical items, which are either peculiar in their pronunciation or culture-oriented. With these items, a survey was carried out in the 13 boroughs of Kî-tin districts. In each borough, an old-age and a young-age join in this survey. And there from 26 informants were composed. Considering the continuum of phenomena observed in geographical linguistics, I included Âng-mg-káng(紅毛港) and Tuā-nâ-pôo(大林蒲), which were adjacent to Kî-tin, in this survey. The glottogram prevailingly employed among Japanese geographical linguistic researchers is adopted to reveal the geographical linguistic facts of Southern Min spoken in Kî-tin. The glottogram is a diagram with two axes of location and age(location × age). Since this kind of diagram is appropriate in illustrating data from linear geography, the shape of Kî-tin just fits in it. Superficially, there seems to be no phonological and lexical patterns in Kî-tin. However, with the assistance of Glottogram and the detailed analyses in terms of geography and age, I propose that the geographical linguistics in Kî-tin exemplifies well the hypothesis of center versus periphery(aka, Hôgen Shûken-ron; 方言周圏論) This survey was performed from January to March in 2009. It is shown that the phonological characteristics of Kî-tin Southern Min are dying out even in the old-age group. The common dialect spoken in Kaohsiung City prevails among young peoples.