20世紀初台灣原住民語言地圖：「手」和「五」

Linguistic Maps of Formosan Languages in the Early Twentieth Century: “Hand”and “Five”

本文根據小川尚義收集、整理的20世紀初以前台灣原住民語言詞彙資料抽樣描繪語言地圖。選擇的對象為「手」和「五」。在原始南島語裡「五」來自「手」。據台灣南島語這兩個語詞的地理分佈也能確認這一點，但還有一系列創新演變可觀察到，主要原因應該是迴避同音衝突。文中分詞條討論後對於兩種語詞所構成的系統進行結構方面的檢討，顯示出今後更系統化研究的前景。

This paper presents linguistic maps of selected lexical items from Taiwan's indigenous languages in the early twentieth century, with reference to Ogawa Naoyoshi's volume entitled, A Comparative Vocabulary of Formosan Languages and Dialect(ed. by Li, P. & Toyoshima, 2005).We discuss the relationship between the word for “hand”and the word for “five”. In Proto-Austronesian(PAn) the word for “five”originated from the word for “hand”. This etymology can be traced by the geographical distribution of these two words in the Formosan languages. In addition, there is evidence of a series of innovations within the languages, which emerged predominantly to avoid confusion between the two homonyms. Through these discussions, further possibilities for systematic studies are suggested.