臺灣日本時代理蕃警察所使用之蕃語教材研究──以1930年代被出版的「理蕃警察蕃語集」為例

Study about Formosan Languages' Textbooks for Japanese Policing in Aboriginal Districts ― Focused on 1930s

本研究探討日本時代理蕃警察職員所使用的蕃語集（「理蕃警察蕃語集」）。首先探討臺灣日本時代蕃語集的編輯與出版情形，其次為「理蕃警察蕃語集」內容的探討，最後檢視這些「理蕃警察蕃語集」的問題。本論文發現「理蕃警察蕃語集」所收錄的臺灣原住民語言，都集中於當局在理蕃政策上所需要的語言，如：泰雅語、賽德克語、布農語等。為了主要讀者（日本人理蕃警察職員）的方便，都使用日文片假名來表記臺灣原住民語言。在「理蕃警察蕃語集」中，理蕃警察所編的蕃語集和小川尚義等語言學者所編的蕃語集差異性極大；再者，理蕃警察編輯的「理蕃警察蕃語集」內容偏向於執行理蕃政策上所需要的詞彙。小川尚義則使用特殊片仮名，試圖較正確地表示日語中沒有的發音。關於「理蕃警察蕃語集」的問題，由於臺灣原住民語的種類很多，「理蕃警察蕃語集」並沒有出版所有的語言和方言，使用人口較少或沒有威脅性的種族語言並無出版，此事明顯影響到「蕃語通譯兼掌銓衡」（「理蕃警察兼掌通譯檢定」之意）的結果，並造成各語言之間通過該檢定之人數呈現相當程度的落差。本研究以探尋臺灣原住民語言研究新資料、日本時代理蕃政策研究、以及向當代臺灣原住民語復興提出貢獻為目標。

This paper discusses the production and contents of Formosan language textbooks edited for Japanese police officers in Aboriginal districts, as well as problems arising from them. The textbooks' use of various languages -- Atayal, Seediq and Bunun, for example -- is especially important in studying the Japanese authorities' policies that applied to Aboriginal people. For the sake of Japanese studying these languages, the texts were written in katakana, but this made accurate pronunciation much harder. Further, there were two types of textbook: those edited by linguist Naoyoshi Ogawa and others, and those by police stationed in Aboriginal districts. The police-edited textbooks stressed practical matters through limited vocabulary, while Ogawa tried to optimize pronunciation by using special katakana. In the face of a large number of dialects, Taiwan's governor was unable and unwilling to publish in each of them, ruling out those with the smallest number of speakers or those whose tribes posed no threat. The result was a profound shortfall in the number of Japanese speakers who communicated in minor languages.