《莊子》的判斷模式

The Two Modes of Judgment in Zhuangzi

本文試圖將隱含於《莊子》的「判斷模式」明朗化，並由此顯現出兩種主體性。「固化主體」以「成心」為用，「成心三元素」中的「我」啟動固化機制，開展出「成心→同一化標準→分判價值→自己」的判斷模式，呈現出「已成」與「固定」的存在狀態；「虛化主體」則是以「鏡心」為用，「鏡心三元素」中的「他者」讓主體能如實接收物本身，開展出「鏡心→差異化標準→分判價值→自然」的判斷模式，呈現出「虛空」與「流動」的存在狀態。兩種主體分別是莊子的批判與理想。

This paper brings to light the two types of subjectivity implied in Zhuangzi’s modes of judgment. A person who has a “Fixed Subject” or fixed sense of self uses chengxin, or a thought pattern developed over time to think. This thought pattern develops over three stages; the subjective self comes to be fixed from this process. Through this analysis, the mode of judgment can be schematized as “chengxin → standardization → value of judgment → self.” From this process the subject has an “established” and “fixed” existence. A person who is an “Empty Subject” uses jingxin or sees things as they actually are. This mode of judgment also undergoes a three-stage formation/development, in which “the other” allows the subject to apprehend reality as it is in itself. The steps in such a judgement are: “jingxin → standard of differentiation → value of judgment → ziran (something in itself).” Under this mode, the self is “empty” or selfless and eternally “flowing”. These two modes present the subjectivity that Zhuangzi rejects and prefers respectively.