公共生物資源中心生物材料移轉契約使用限制條款之研究

Study on the Usage Restriction Provisions in The Biological Material Transfer Agreement of Public Biological Resource Centers

本文討論公共生物資源中心對生物材料使用限制的規範。採取比較法與法律解釋學，研究國際上主要之生物材料移轉契約ECCO core MTA、MOSAICC MTA、ATCC MTA以及我國「生物資源保存及研究中心」（BCRC）相關契約條款。建議公共生物資源中心僅居於保管者（custodians）地位，使生物材料來源國、寄存人、分離者、後續研究者權利均可併存。並遭過國際條約、法律、MTA等管道，共同建立事先通知、利益分享的跨國機制，落實眾多權利主體之保障，共同建立事先通知、利益分享的跨國機制，落實眾多權利主體之保障。則生物材料之使用，可採開放近用授權方式，使公共生物資源中心、計畫點作研究者彼此間可交換使用。因此所造成公共生資源中心的財務損失，則由政府予以補助。於使用者產生商業使用的意圖時，則應通知生物資源中心與關係人，進行利益分享協商。

This article discusses the usage limitation of the biological material from public biological resource centers (BRCs).Based on the methodology of comparative law and legal hermeneutics, we analyze ECCO core MTA and MOSAICC MTA, ATCC MTA and the related cotract provisions of Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC)in Taiwan. We suggest that public BRCs shall only be the custodian. Through the channel of international conventions, acts, MTAs, public BRCs may implement. the protection for the numerous subjects by the cooperation on establishing the international mechanism of prior notification and benefit sharing. When the tracking system exists and the third party is also under the same contract, the biological meterial may be exchanged between different public BRCs or the cooperative scientists by open access lincense. To compensate the financial losses of public BRCs, the government may recognize BRCs as natonal scientific infrastructure and offer the financial subsidies. When the user intends to conduct commercial use , the user shall inform the BRCs , and negotiate the benefit sharing affairs with related parties.