政府採購法申訴程序之合憲性探討－－以公告金額以下採購案之爭訟權為中心

Discussion on the constitutionality of the complaints procedures of the Government Procurement Law

按政府採購過程中，招標機關之採購決定，可能直接或間接影響或侵害廠商之合法權益。在廠商認其權益遭受侵害時，如能給予適當之救濟管道，就其爭議事項作成公平裁決，除有助於爭議之解決外，並可同時化解民怨增進採購效能及政府機關之公信力。因此，政府採購法（以下簡稱:採購法）基於加入WTO政府採購協定（GPA）之要求，以及「有權利即有救濟」之原則，順應國際之潮流，於政府採購法第六章創設「異議及申訴」制度，以提供廠商公開、公平、公正、迅速、經濟之救濟管道，使廠商權益獲得保障。基此，採購法第76條第1項規定：「廠商對於公告金額以上採購異議之處理結果不服，或招標機關逾前條第二項所定期限不為處理者，得於收受異議處理結果或期限屆滿之次日起十五日內，依其屬中央機關或地方機關辦理之採購，以書面分別向主管機關、直轄市或縣（市）政府所設之採購申訴審議委員會申訴。地方政府未設採購申訴審議委員會者，得委請中央主管機關處理。」依此規定，廠商若不服招標機關之採購決定提出申訴，至少必須符合「公告金額以上購案」、「對異議處理結果不服」等要件。本文即係探究上述採購法關於廠商對於「公告金額以上」採購異議之處理結果不服，始得向採購申訴審議委員會提出申訴，此一規定是否有不當剝奪人民之訴訟權而有違憲之疑慮。

In the process of the Government procurement, the purchasing decision of the bid tendering agencies might directly or indirectly influence or violate stakeholders' legal rights. When stakeholders think that their rights are violated, if appropriate right relief is given, this could be regarded as fair dealing. As a result, not only will it be helpful for providing solution to the problem, it also will dismiss citizens' complaints and further enhance purchasing efficiency and increase public trust in governmental departments. Therefore, Government Procurement Act (GPA), based on the requirements in the GPA of the WTO and the principle of the "right to litigate", in response to the international trend, establishes the system of ‘objections and trials' in Chapter Six, in order to provide stakeholders with relief methods for openness, fairness, justice, rapid and economics, and help guarantee stakeholders' rights. Based on the above, it was stipulated in Article 76 Paragraph 1 in the GPA: "Where the value of procurement reaches the threshold for publication, a supplier may file a written complaint with the Complaint Review Board for Government Procurement ("CRBGP") as established by the responsible entity, or the municipal or the county (city) governments, depending upon whether the procurement is conducted at the level of central government or local government, within fifteen days from the date following the date of receipt of the disposition if the supplier objects to the disposition, or from the expiry of the period specified in paragraph 2 of the preceding Article if the entity fails to dispose the case within the period. A local government which does not establish a CRBGP may entrust the responsible entity to handle the complaint." According to the regulation, if stakeholders are not happy with the purchasing decision of the bid tendering agencies and decide to institute legal proceedings, the legal proceedings will at least have to meet the conditions of ‘procurement for more than the announced amount' and ‘objection to the handling of the objection'. This article aims to investigate, based on the GPA, whether the above-mentioned regulation (i.e. ‘procurement for more than the announced amount') might have inappropriately exploited citizens' rights of instituting legal proceedings and concerned unconstitutional acts.