全球憲政主義之興起－－典範競逐觀點的初步考察

The Rise of Global Constitutionalism－A Nascent Analysis Based on the Perspectives of Paradigmatic Competition

全球憲政主義是一種新興的全球性社會事實，也是一種學術研究趨勢，且後者係針對前者而發。在全球化與國際法歧異性雙重背景下，以西伐利亞主權國家為基礎的傳統憲政主義已出現典範赤字問題，從而導致全球憲政主義之逐漸興起。不過，何謂全球憲政主義？目前學術界仍莫衷一是。是以，就當前之現實觀察，全球憲政主義研究仍處於典範競逐時期。我國目前尚無文獻對此一新興研究趨勢進行分析。本文首先依據 Thomas S. Kuhn 的典範與典範競逐概念，梳理出適用於社會科學學科領域的典範界定和內涵，然後以全球憲法秩序為核心，嘗試將現存有關全球憲政主義的學術研究觀點區分為「憲法文本」、「釋憲機制」、「憲法規範」及「人權保障」等四個學派，並就各學派之基本觀點、符號通則和研究方法等典範要素諸面向進行初步考察，並提出若干研究心得以提供學術界後續研究之參考。

At its core, global constitutionalism is both an emerging global social fact and an academic research trend, and the latter results from the former. Under the impact of globalization and the fragmentation of international law, the traditional constitutionalism, which has been embedded in sovereignty regime of Westphalia, is suffering from some extent of paradigm deficit. And thus the global constitutionalism arises. To date, however, there is no consensus of the main issues concerning global constitutionalism among scholarship. As far as the current reality is concerned, the position that the academic studies of global constitutionalism occupy might be considered as being at the phase of pre-paradigm in light of Thomas S. Kuhn’s thesis. Unfortunately, the new trend of studies has been neglected in Taiwan. This article, based on Kuhn’s concept of paradigmatic competition, firstly tries to induce a workable definition of paradigm with which social scientists can apply in their studies. Second, it divides the current literature of global constitutionalism into four schools on basis of their engagement with global constitutional order, i.e., constitutional text, constitutional interpretation mechanism, constitutional norm, and human rights protection. After that, the article respectively analyzes the main content of each school from the perspectives of symbolic generalization, basic viewpoint, and research method. Finally, the author makes some concluding remarks.