居民「社區範圍」認知與「社區依附」測量指標的初探：以台北市為例

An Exploratory Analysis of the Perception of Community Boundaries and Community Attachment: Taipei City as an Example

「社區」一詞，在許多的研究上是一個經常出現的地域劃分或研究單位，然而它的意涵，不只是地區劃分上的差異性，更多反映出的是居民對於當地所產生的情感、歸屬感等，亦即「社區依附」（community attachment）。過去許多研究發現，當社區的人口密度較低、居住時間較長、與他人聯繫關係較為緊密時，居民的社區依附程度較強。然而在台灣，行政區域在透過鄰、里、鄉、鎮區域劃分下，居民對於社區的感受，以及它所涵蓋的地理範圍，可能存在著差異性。本研究以系統取向與社區場域取向作為分析架構，分別討論哪些因素影響居民對社區範圍的認知（如：這棟樓、這個與附近鄰、這個里、附近的里或這個區），以及哪些因素影響社區依附的強弱程度。使用資料來自於2011年「三個華人城市對於鄰里的定義：香港、廣州與台北的比較研究」中，台北市的部分。研究發現，認為社區範圍屬於這棟樓，主要受到社區滿意度的影響；認為社區範圍屬於這個與附近鄰，多受社區活動參與程度的影響；認為社區範圍屬於附近的里，則主要受到鄰里關係強弱的影響。另外，在系統取向與社區場域取向的因素中，社區滿意度、居住時間長短與鄰里關係，更能夠預測居民社區依附的程度。

The meaning of community not only refers to the difference in terms of residential space but also exhibits features of local belonging and emotional attachment to this place, such as community attachment. Previous studies have found that relatively low population density, longer duration of residence, and strong social ties increase community attachment. However, the division of residential areas in Taiwan is not based on community but on the building, village, neighborhood, and district. Hence, the perception of community boundaries might be different. Based on the systemic approach and community field approach, this study aims to examine what factors affect residents' perception of community boundaries (e.g., this building, within or nearby villages, this neighborhood, nearby neighborhoods, and this district) and influence community attachment. The analysis is based on the “Neighborhood in Three Chinese Cities: Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Taipei in 2011,” and the data on Taipei are used in this study. The findings show that community satisfaction is associated with the perception of community boundaries in terms of “this building,” participation in community organizations is associated with relatively large community boundaries in terms of “within or nearby villages,” and perceived neighboring is associated with even larger community boundaries such as “nearby neighborhoods.” The results further indicate that community satisfaction, duration of residence, and perceived neighboring predict the level of community attachment.