「捍衛民主」的悖論：試論台灣「超越藍綠」的政治文明化情感

The Paradox of the Defense of Democracy: The Political Emotion of “Beyond ‘Blue' and ‘Green'” in Taiwan

「國民黨不倒，台灣不會好！」這個朗朗上口的口號表達了社會對國民黨執政的不滿。2014年太陽花運動浮現的這股不滿力量，使國民黨在2014年的地方選舉與2016年的總統與立法委員選舉「倒了」，同時讓民進黨完全執政。但關鍵問題是：雖然運動帶來了政治版圖的改變，但是從TPP、土地與環境問題到2018年1月《勞基法》修惡版通過立法並於同年3月正式實施，因著不滿力量而得以取代國民黨的民進黨仍向資方靠攏，重演著「克勞塞維茲的魔咒」。本文試圖重探太陽花運動的情感政治來理解此問題。本文從脈絡化2014年太陽花運動如何訴諸「超越藍綠」的「捍衛民主」與反「中國因素」的政治想像作為情感動員，分析這樣的政治想像是如何建構起來？形塑了什麼運動的主體想像？產生什麼作用與限制？本文試圖論證，「超越藍綠」是一種政治文明化焦慮，源於對藍綠政治對立的不滿與2006年陳水扁貪腐帶來的民主化挫敗感。到了2008年國民黨重新執政後，這股文明化的挫敗與焦慮將問題外部化為「中國因素」他者的威脅，建構了運動「捍衛民主」的政治想像。「超越藍綠」代表的政治文明化焦慮，不僅未能揚棄「藍綠對立」的政治結構，也使「捍衛民主」走向了民主的悖論，並遮蔽了台灣在全球資本主義下所面對的問題。

As the popular saying expresses, “Taiwan won't be better until the KMT is overthrown,” the Sunflower Movement with its “anti-China Factor” cause gave rise to major political changes in Taiwan. In elections in 2014 and 2016 after the Sunflower movement, the KMT government stepped down, and the DPP became the majority both in the local and the central government. However, in controversies such as TPP, the amendment of the Labor Standards Act, environmental protection, land justice issues, etc., the DPP regime still prioritizes capitalists' interests. The phenomenon may be described as the “Clausewitzian enchantment”. Although the effect of the Sunflower Movement led to the political change, the concern of economic equality, that is supposedly the main issue in this anti-free trade movement, also gave way to the political aspiration for the defense of democracy against the “China Factor”, and the problems of capitalism was displaced with the problems of Taiwan as a democratic subject in relation to China. How to understand such displacement? What conjuncture gives rise to this political culture and what kind of emotion lies in the call for the defense of democracy? What political subject does the defense of democracy constitute? This paper contextualizes the political emotion in the movement's call for “the defense of democracy” and its political aspiration for going “beyond the party line” (i.e. “beyond ‘Blue' and ‘Green'”). This paper points out that the defense of democracy “beyond ‘Blue' and ‘Green'” emerged in 2004, particularly since the CHEN Shui Bian's corruption in 2006. It represents an emotion of discontent with and an aspiration for political civilization in relation to Taiwanese political identity vis-à-vis China. Such an aspiration for political civilization has aroused popular anxiety for political changes and displaced economic inequalities with the anti-China sentiment after 2008. Eventually the “defense of democracy” has become its own paradox.