台大學生對他族或他國人民的刻板印象

CHANGE IN THE STEREOTYPES OF NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS DIFFERENT NATIONAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS FROM 1962 TO 1971

1962年作者曾以Katz與Braly的方法研究240名臺大學生對他國或他族人民的刻板印象（stereotypes）。1971年秋，中、日間與中、美間接連發生了三件重大國際事件，即（1）中、日、美間有關我國屬地釣魚台主權問題的爭端，（2）美國總統尼克森宣佈將於1972年春訪問中國大陸，及（3）我國宣佈退出聯合國。為了研究此種重大國際事件發生後國人對有關國家之刻板印象所受的影響，乃於1971年冬再以同法蒐集240名臺大學生的刻版印象資料，以與1962年所獲得者作一比較。結果發現，自1962年至1971年間，臺大學生對各國（或族）人的刻板印象多少有所改變，且改變方向大都顯示臺大學生之印象刻板化（stereotyping）傾向有逐漸消減的趨勢。美國學者發現，普林斯頓（Princeton）大學的學生對外國人之印象刻板化傾向，亦有類似的降低趨勢。凡此皆表示隨著時代的進步國際間的偏見正在逐漸減低。惟臺大學生對各國（或族）人之刻板印象的改變程度並不相同，其中對德國人、中國人自己、法國人、阿拉伯人、英國人、印度人、及俄國人等所持之刻板印象變動較小，而對日本、美國、及黑人三者所持之刻板印象變動最大。根據印象改變的實際情形看來，臺大學生對日、美兩國人的刻板印象之所以改變最大，時代進步所造成的印象刻板化程度降低的一般趨勢外，有關之重大國際事件的發生實亦具有相當的影響。

The social stereotypes of National Taiwan University students towards 10 national and ethnic groups (Americans, Arabs, Chinese, English, French, Germans, Indians, Japanese, Negroes, and Russians) at the end of 1971 were compared with those in an earlier study carried out in 1962. Change was found in both trait content and percentage for almost all of the 10 groups, indicating a general decline in ethnic stereotyping among Chinese students in Taiwan during the last decade. In addition to this general 'fading effect', there were marked differences in the degree of change among different groups. The Japanese and Americans were the two groups towards which Taiwan students' stereotypes had been modified most. The change was apparently in the unfavorable direction and was viewed as a result of a series of unusual international events during 1971 (i.e., the Sino-Japanese sovereignty dispute over a group of uninhabited islands, known as Tiao Yu Tai, in the East China Sea, President Nixon's announcement of his visit to China mainland in the spring of 1972, and the Republic of China's giving up her seat in the United Nations), in which China, Japan, and the United States all were actively involved.