氣相應、性偽合、參於天地──荀子的感通論建構

The Construction of Xunzi's Correspondence Theory

《周易‧咸卦》彖辭對二氣交感的歷程描述，蘊含自然創造與人文化成的雙重意指。從男女之間相感、親悅到結合的嫁娶行動與事件，發展為生生化育、延續恆久的夫婦對待倫理，也暗示男女媾合的生命繁衍與萬物化生的創造歷程，兩端雖非同質且不對稱，卻有微妙的聯繫與呼應關係，此為感通論的基本內容框架。值得注意的是，《荀子‧大略》強調「夫婦之道」於倫理關係中的奠基性地位，實可與《周易•咸卦》所述感通論旨趣相互發明。本文進而深究感通在荀子思想所具有的多向視域與建構進程，擴及〈非相〉、〈性惡〉、〈禮論〉、〈天論〉等重要文獻，梳理氣、性、情、偽、度、參、神明等與感通相涉的核心詞義及相互關係，構成三層動態連貫的感通論體系：一，從「性偽之分」到「性偽合」的發展序階變化，敘明「自我感通」的具體實現歷程與實踐工夫；二，從「度己以繩」到「接人用抴」的推擴實踐，闡發「人我感通」的共在聯繫感受與倫理義涵；三，從「明於天人之分」到「參於天地」的關係轉化與辯證哲思，解明天地自然對人類創建文化生活的方向指引與智慧啟發。

The description of the flow of Qi (氣) in Yi Jing (Book Of Changes)'s “Xian Gua” includes emphasizes not only natural creation but also human culture. From the courting and marriage between men and women, develop the everlasting ethics of the relationship between husband and wife, and at the same time implying that even though they are not one in the same, there is a relationship between the relationship between males and females and also reproduction and change in the universe. This is the basic framework that makes up the theory of correspondence. It is worth noting that Xunzi “Talueh” is the first none Chinese writing to put an emphasises on couple's ethics and in actually this correspondence theory and the Yi Jing “Xian Gua” are complementary. This paper delves Xunzi's multidirectional approach to correspondence in the writings of Xunzi, such as: “Fei Xiang” (<非相>), “Xing E” (<性惡>), “Li Lun” (<禮論>) and “Tian Lun” (<天論>), and also the interaltionship between corresponce and Qi (氣), human nature, emotion (qing 情), man-made (wei 偽), empathy (du 度), participate (can 參), shen-ming (神明) and so on. Forming a dynamic and coherent correspondence theory system consisting of three layers in sequence: First, explain the concrete realization course and practical work of auto-affection; Second, elucidate the common feeling and ethical significance implied in the process of self-induction with others; Third, to tell the real human experience and response to the nature, the universe, and the ultimate reality.