論中國經典詮釋的二個基型：直釋與旁通──以《易經》的詮釋為例

Internal and Crossover Interpretations as Two Fundamental Hermeneutic Prototypes of interpreting Classic Chinese Writings: Taking The Book of Change (I Ching) as an Example

中國經典詮釋傳統有沒有自己的特點？經筆者研究之後，感覺到傳統經學的實踐中確實有直釋與旁通二個基型，可惜沒有受到學者充分的注意。故本論文為了具體討論起見，特別以《易經》的詮釋為例，依以下各節：一、前言，二、對「中國經典詮釋基型」的界定，三、《易》籍著作的詮釋體式，四、直釋型詮釋的方法與問題，五、旁通型詮釋的方法與問題，六、結論，來論述。其中第四、五兩節又各立細目，詳細討論詮釋的方法與問題。中國經典的詮釋體式是依字──句──章──篇──卷逐次解釋而成立低層的訓詁、章句、注、箋、解、疏、說、傳，甚至更有不泥於文句，而依義理而成立高層的釋義、通釋、通義，乃至最高層的哲理詮釋。其詮釋可歸納成二個基型，即各經本身在歷代所表現的直釋詮釋與異經彼此互釋的旁通詮釋。在中國經典詮釋傳統中，此兩型詮釋之於經典正猶乾坤之於易，經典在詮釋中表現其生生不息的生命力。

What characteristics the long-standing tradition of Chinese classics interpretation manifests? The author suggests that, though largely neglected, the interpretations of Chinese classics can be categorized into two prototypes. To bring these two prototypes into light, the author will analyze a variety of interpretations of The Book of Change (I Ching). In the first section, the author gives an overview of the issue. In section 2 and 3, the author defines the two prototypes at stake and investigates their relationships with various forms of interpretations of some selected texts in The Book of Change. The author then goes on to discuss the merits and costs of the two prototypes in section 4 and 5, before concluding in section 6. It will be argued that both internal interpretations-interpretations that seek internal coherence within a particular writing-and crossover interpretations-interpretations that seek overall coherence among several different but related writings-are flowers growing out of efforts to understand the philosophy of classic Chinese writings. They are fundamental to the everlasting life of the tradition of Chinese classics interpretation, just as as Qián and Kūn are fundamental to the change of every entity.