武俠小說中主體在存有論上對於孤獨的耽溺與逾越：一個從勒維納斯出發的探討

The Tarrying and Surpassing in Subjectivity Concerning the Ontological Solitude in Martial Arts Fiction: A Study Inspired by Emmanuel Levinas

本文旨在應用一種主要緣於勒維納斯的形上學見解所帶來的啟發而形成的觀點，來檢視武俠小說此種類型的文學作品所具備的若干獨有要素，諸如敘事當中傳達出的一種對於個別角色的打鬥技藝本身過度耽溺、對於小說人物間基於師承所串起的關係網絡過度強調的傾向等，期望藉此促使研究社群針對武俠小說的主題所具備的認識與理解能拉高至存有論的層次。在這樣的視野下，本文主張，武俠小說中典型的英雄形象可以被視作典型的主體，其創作者不可避免要著力於將若干置身在敘事當中的角色所煥發的主體性給渲染到極致，於是，戰鬥中的英雄乃被妝點到彷彿能憑藉附麗於自身的精緻詞彙那出於詩意效果而來的亮點，融入周身的炫目光暈而逸離原本那語言指涉功能的清晰照明、逸離那囿限了其自如行動的敘事羅網而以直接的在場來取代再現，並且經由特定戰鬥技能的傳承所建立的骨肉血親式羈絆來逾越主體在存有論的層次上理當無從遁逃的絕對孤獨。至於古龍這位武俠小說知名作家，在其創作生涯中後期筆下的一些看似與上述操作顯得不盡相同的效果，也被本文納入了考察範圍；經由一番探討，本文在最後亦試著賦予其恰如其分的定位與正面評價。

This paper seeks to view several essential elements of the very genre martial arts fiction such as its overindulging in something like feats made by characters as well as the social networks regarding mentor–disciple relationship from the perspective mainly inspired by the metaphysics of Emmanuel Levinas, and therefore to ontologically enrich our understanding and appreciation to the theme of this genre. Based on such a kind of vision, this paper argues that a typical heroic character in martial arts novels could just be viewed as nothing but a subject, and it is always a top priority for authors to enhance the subjectivity within the images of their characters in the narration as much as possible; therefore, it becomes probable to allow those fighting heroes to exceed the distinct luminosity of linguistic signification by taking advantage of sparkles, which attaches to images of themselves, out of those elegant phrases with lyrical ensemble as if having been dissolved in dazzling light, probable to allow them to escape capture by the narration while in their own presence instead of representation, and probable to allow them to surpass the ontological absolute solitude of a subject by sharing limited fighting ability to someone with whom a filiation-like relationship could finally be built. Although some of the famous martial arts novel writer Gu Long's works in his later period seems different from such a kind of ensemble, this paper still gives a fully account of his cases, and then credit them appropriately in the latter part of this study