藝文互通，由藝論文──以張惠言書篆理論為主所建構之文章作法論

A Study of Zhang Huiyan's Theory of Seal Carving and Its Influence on His Theory of Prose Writing

張惠言與惲敬並稱為清代陽湖派的開創者，張惠言的文章學理論應有其獨到之處。陽湖派李兆洛以為張惠言之文，能「理到，識到，法亦到」，「自是儒者氣象」。可知張惠言之文章中，理、識兼備，文法精到。但張氏鮮少論及古文作法，尤其是聯章布局之法。張氏主張文體互用，且精於篆刻，張氏的文章學與其賦學、詞學相關，與其書篆之學，亦有相通之處。故本文試由張惠言之書篆結構論，以架構其文章命意、行氣、章法、運筆、修辭等方法與技巧，以建構張氏之文章作法論。

Zhang Huiyan is named together with Yun Jing as co-founder of the Yang Hu School; Zhang's theories regarding the prose genres should have their own uniqueness. Li Zhaoluo, a member of the Yang Hu School, considers that Zhang Huiyan's prose shows “deep reasoning, knowledge and experience, as well as excellent writing skills,” while Zhang himself exudes “the manner of a Confucian Scholar.” Thus, we see that in Zhang's prose there are both reasoning and knowledge, along with excellent writing. Nevertheless, Zhang seldom mentions how to write in Classical Chinese, particularly regarding how to structure a composition. Zhang advocates applying writing techniques of different kinds of verse forms and prose genres, and is himself an expert in the art of seal carving. Zhang's studies of the prose genres are not only related to his theories of fu and ci but also connected to his theory of seal carving. This study attempts to explore Zhang's theory of prose writing by way of his theory of seal carving so as to give a structure to his writing methods and skills regarding how to form and decide the theme, how to structure a composition, and how to use language, while eventually constructing a definitive theory of Zhang's prose writing.