五四民主、科學革新中的中正之道──由李玉階對民主自由及宗教科學之實踐談起

Dao of Moderation in May 4th Democratic and Scientific Innovation--On Li Yu-Jie's Practice of Democracy and Freedom and of Religion and Science

本文以李玉階參與五四運動、華山修煉、復刊《自立晚報》、創辦天帝教等四時期為探討主軸。首先，筆者考證了李玉階於上海擔任五四學聯幹部時，秉持何種態度以面對整個學生運動之推進。其次，筆者再以李玉階華山時期所提倡心物一元二用論觀點，對照他《自立晚報》時期，試圖消解民主、極權對立，強調精神、物質共存之調和姿態。繼而透視李玉階八十歲創辦天帝教之後，其人道天道兼修的教化方針。最後，本文歸結李玉階五四時期感性與理性合度、華山時期心物一元二用論、《自立晚報》時期的體制內改革、天帝教時期的人道天道兼修，以說明涵靜老人確實成功實踐了中國儒道思想核心──中正之道，並且以此做為其入世應世之不變法則。

This study probes into the four periods of Li Yu-Jie's life, when he participated in the May 4th Movement, when he practiced austerities on Mount Hua, when he resumed the publication of Independence Evening Post, and when he founded the The Lord of Universe Church (Tiandi Teachings). It will first verify Li's attitude towards the progression of student movement while serving as a cadre for May 4th Movement. It will then put in comparison Li's theory on mind-body unitary dual-function, which he proposed when practicing austerities on Mount Hua, and Li's thoughts on the harmonious balance between spirit and materials in his attempts to resolve the opposition between democracy and totalitarianism as the publisher of Independence Evening Post. It will also closely examine Li's practice of both humanity and natural laws after he founded The Lord of Universe Church at the age of eighty. This study argues that Li holds the Dao of Moderation, which is the core of Chinese Confucianism and Daoism, as the unshakable principle to conduct oneself in society and puts it into practice himself all his life.