臺灣布袋戲角色主題歌與流行音樂

Popular Music and Puppetry Theatre in Taiwan

從「戲」與「曲」來看，音樂是傳統戲劇不可或缺的重要表演元素。如何讓布袋戲木偶雕刻的戲劇角色，獲得一種宛若真人的生命力，應該是各掌中戲班藝人需要不斷精進的目標。布袋戲角色主題歌的重要性，就在於形塑了布袋戲的內心世界，讓木刻表情固定的戲偶也能夠宛若真實有溫度的情感。1960至1970年代臺灣布袋戲角色主題歌，不僅包含了日本曲、西洋曲，也有傳統戲曲與戰後臺灣臺語流行曲。傳統戲曲的北管曲，可以變身為布袋戲主題歌〈秘中秘〉、〈孤單老人〉、〈萬毒美人女暴君〉，南管曲也可改編為〈相思燈〉、〈苦秋風〉等，還有來自說唱藝人的【江湖調】也能變成《六合三俠傳》賣唱生的主題歌〈勸世歌〉。不僅如此，戰後臺語流行樂壇的楊三郎、黃敏、莊啟勝、陳清文、謝麗燕等共同創作膾炙人口的音樂。而臺灣前輩音樂家鄧雨賢1939年創作的〈南國花譜〉這首已漸被淡忘的歌曲，意外因為電視布袋戲改編成〈南國情歌〉而走紅，也為世人們所重新認識。甚至1990年代末的霹靂國際多媒體已發展至與無非文化、動脈音樂合作，除了延續既有模式，也吸收日本動漫的片頭曲、片尾曲模式。本文並非僅止於懷舊眷戀的情懷，而是著眼於未來布袋戲音樂的可能典範探索。

According to the word 'hì-khek' etymologically, the music (khek) is a part of indispensable elements in the whole performance (hì) traditionally. The puppetry theatre (pò-tē-hì) is one of traditional performance in Taiwan. One of aims of this theatre is to create the soul, the inner feelings of a character, by visual head's sculpture art and by auditory songs of music. There are many songs of music to create the unique characters of puppetry theatre in periods of 1960s and 1970s. Those original sources come from Japanese, American Movie, the traditional drama, and the Taiwanese popular song. The melody of 'pak-kóan', one of traditional style, could be a new song for new characters for exemple Pì-tiong-pì, Ko-toa^n-lāu-lâng, Lú-pok-kun. Not only appropriation of traditional music by traditional, but also of many works of Taiwanese popular composer, Iû^n Sam-lông, Tân Chheng-bûn, Chng Khé-sèng after World War II. Even 'lâm-kok hoe-phó' in 1939, an extraordinary work of Tēng Ú -hiân had attracted attention by puppetry theatre in television. The puppetry theatre had cooperated with individual creators of music in 1990s. Pili International Multimedia Company had appropriated the form of title's song and end's song in Japanese cartoon, and had developed the longtime cooperation with Everything But The Culture Company, Dmile Music. Based on the analysis of those historical resources, we will discuss the possibility of cultural innovation how to develop the new kind of puppetry music.