永樂朝之前陳澔《禮記集說》的傳播及其相關問題探論

A Study of the Dissemination and Acceptance of Chen Hao's Discourses on the Book of Rites Prior to the Yongle Period

本文旨在探討明成祖永樂十二年（1414）敕纂《五經大全》之前，陳澔《禮記集說》的流傳與評價情實，進而說明胡廣諸臣修纂《禮記集說大全》選擇《禮記集說》做為底本的學術原因。通過相關文獻的彙整與考察，可知《集說》在元至治二年（1322）成書後的五年內，已由江西傳播至福建刊刻流通；在四十年內，至少出現四種版本。流傳的區域以江西為中心，擴及鄰近的華中、華南七省。分析傳播的原因，一方面係《禮記集說》藉由元明士人學子對於陳澔自身德業的推崇，援引《禮記集說》闡發《禮記》、朱子《詩集傳》經義得以廣傳。另方面明太祖洪武年間確立《禮記集說》做為科舉經義出題依據，並於洪武十四年（1381）頒賜《集說》至地方學宮的政治性推廣，更是促進明初學子習讀的主因。胡廣等人採用《禮記集說》做為《禮記集說大全》底本，實乃順應當時科舉制度文化，而非攘竊欺主之舉。研究結果對理解《禮記集說》之於《禮記》傳播的重要性，明代《五經大全》與明初經學的關聯，能有所釐清。

In 1322, Chen Hao (1260-1341) published his Discourses on the Book of Rites (Liji jishuo). Almost a century later, in 1414, The Complete Meaning of the Five Classics (Wujing daquan) was issued, having been compiled by imperial edict and under the supervision of the scholar Hu Guang (1369-1418). This article explores the dissemination and acceptance of Chen Hao's Discourses on the Book of Rites prior to the release of The Complete Meaning of the Five Classics. It also explains why Chen Hao's text of The Book of Rites became the basis of the text of The Book of Rites that was used by the compilers of The Complete Meaning of the Five Classics. I propose that the Discourses on the Book of Rites was enormously popular in part because of the high esteem in which Chen Hao was held by scholars in the Yuan dynasty (1271- 1368). In addition, Discourses on the Book of Rites was used to interpret not only The Book of Rites itself, but also Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Book of Poetry (Shi jizhuan). Furthermore, during the Hongwu period (1368-1398), Discourses on the Book of Rites was designated as one of the books that students would be tested on in the imperial examination. The dissemination and popularity of Discourses on the Book of Rites was further increased in 1381, when the Hongwu Emperor bestowed copies of the work to local schools. It is no wonder, then, that Hu Guang used Chen Hao's text of The Book of Rites when he compiled The Complete Meaning of the Book of Rites. This article also explores the relationship between classical studies and The Complete Meaning of the Five Classics during the early Ming dynasty.