大學生在死亡相關詞彙的Stroop干擾效應之前導性研究

A Pilot Study of the Stroop Interference Effects on Death-related Words among Undergraduate Students

自陳式的死亡焦慮量表是測量死亡焦慮最常見的方式，然而，此種自陳式量表需要建立在受試者誠實坦白的前提上。由於死亡對大多數人而言，具有某種程度的威脅，因此，即使受試者無意欺瞞，但卻可能在不自覺情況下受到防衛機轉、正向錯覺、社會期待等因素的影響而減低其準確度。基於此，本前導性研究嘗試採取不同於死亡焦慮自陳式量表的情緒性Stroop作業之研究典範，透過對十位大學生進行實地訪談，建立死亡相關詞彙Stroop作業的基本架構，根據此架構，由50位大學生提供死亡相關詞彙，發展死亡相關詞彙的Stroop作業，並招募106名大學生參與測試，試圖初步瞭解死亡相關詞彙對大學生反應時間產生Stroop干擾效應的情況，並探討其與傳統自陳式量表測量結果之關係，以做為未來進一步研究之參考。本研究發現死亡相關詞彙對受試者反應時間產生干擾效應，但與自陳式量表測量結果之關係並不顯著，且二者的性別差異方向恰好相反。研究者對於此結果進行討論後，提出後續研究的具體建議。

Self-reported scale is the most commonly used measure of death anxiety. However， the validity of selfreported scale rests on the presumption of honesty on the part of the respondents. For most people， death carries a certain degree of threat. Consequently， even if the respondents do not intent to be deceptive， their responses are unconsciously influenced by defense mechanism， positive illusion， and/or social expectation. In view of the above， the presented pilot study attempts to adopt the research paradigm based on emotional Stroop task， which distinguishes itself from a self-report scale. Through interviewing 10 undergraduate students， the investigator of the study formulated the structure of a death-related words Stroop task. The task was further developed based on death-related terms provided by another 50 undergraduate students. Later， 106 undergraduate students participated in the test of the Stroop task. The results of the pilot study revealed that the death-related terms influenced the interference effect of the participants， but the effect did not correlate with the participants’ score on the self-reported scale. In addition， the pattern of gender difference on the Stroop task was in direct oppose of that based on the selfreported scale. The results of the study are discussed and concrete suggestions for further research are put forward.