籬仔尾遺址出土動物遺留及其空間分布初探

The analysis of faunal remains and their spatial distribution in Litzuwei, southwestern Taiwan

籬仔尾遺址位於台南市新化區，是一處包括了新石器時代晚期的大湖文化與金屬器時代蔦松文化的多文化層遺址。本遺址遺址於2010至2014年間，進行了大規模系統發掘，出土多種不同物種的動物遺留。本文藉由分析本次發掘出土的動物遺留，呈現其同時性的平面空間分布，以及異時性的層位空間分布，探討所屬各別文化的動物資源利用，進而比較大湖文化和蔦松文化的一些特定文化行為異同，包括(1)大湖與蔦松時期動物資源使用的差異，出土的動物遺留數量有無改變？(2)大湖到蔦松時期的出土動物遺留的種類變化及其可能意義；(3)大湖到蔦松時期的空間使用是否有顯著的改變？(4)從大湖到蔦松時期動物遺留分布的脈絡有無變化？量化計算、空間分布與出土脈絡的比較顯示，籬仔尾遺址使用的動物資源以鹿科和豬科動物為主，使用頻率在蔦松時期大幅提高，且利用的動物種類也較為多元，甚至納入了部分的海洋資源。從動物遺留集中分布的趨勢來看，遺址核心區域隨著時間推移而有往北、往東擴張延伸的跡象。

The Litzuwei site, located in southwestern Taiwan, is a multi-component site including the late Neolithic Dahu Culture and the Metal Age Niaosong Culture. The systematic excavation of Litzuwei from 2010 to 2014 yielded abundant faunal remains of various species suitable for intra-site spatial analysis. This study analyzes the intra-site spatial distribution of the unearthed faunal remains from both the Dahu and Niaosong contexts. We then illustrate the contemporaneous and diachronic pattern of the utilization of faunal resources and compare consumption behavior between the two cultures. We aim to discern whether there was a diachronic change in (1) the degree of faunal resource utilization in terms of quantity and density, (2) various utilized species and their associated social meaning, (3) the usage of space within the site area, and (4) the context in which the faunal remains were deposited. The results show that the Cervidae and Suidae dominated the utilized species throughout the occupation history of Litzuwei, but the intensity of utilization of animal resources increased dramatically during the later Naiosong occupation. Additionally, the higher diversity of species we identified suggests that the Niaosong people had a broadened spectrum of animal resources acquisition. This study also points out that the spatial distribution of faunal remains shifted gradually toward the north and east of the site, indicating a slight change of activity area.