市場化的青春：青春作為中介移民打工的社會機制

Marketized' Adolescents: When Adolescents Become the Social Mediating Mechanism for Migrant Wage Labor

本文試圖透過深圳一家台商廠青年農民工的處境與他們對未來的夢想與決定，來探討青春如何已經成為一種社會機制，合理化了當代中國青無農民工在社會上無處安身、有夢卻找不到路的處境。乍看之下，市場化後的「青春」將越來越朝個人主義發展，強調個人的自由與個體性，但實際上，卻弔詭的成為國家、社會與市場用來合理化社會不平等並馴化青年為其發展計畫服務的社會機制。中國在改革開放之後，市場經濟讓個體的生命歷程又再次經歷了標準化過程，亦即，理想的童年、青年、老年的過程與內涵，及個體在其中所經歷的任務與挑戰都發生改變。做為消費、移民與社會變遷的主體，青年與青春特別被突顯出來。本文將從市場化後青春的內容與任務的轉變談起，從農民工的角度看青春標準化工程如何被經歷。一方面，我耙梳這樣的青春標準化過程如何滲入日常生活的實踐運作裡，把農民工所面臨的「結構性」困境「個人化」。另方面，則呈現青年農民工是如何援引青春的兩面性，來對他們面臨的多重價值矛盾並存的處境「製造意義」。市場化的青春因而扮演了一個不應忽視的中介協調機制，在當代中國變遷社會中，去削弱了青年農民工在面對勞動剝削、政策歧視、以及發展不均時反彈的力道。

After China's reform and opening up, the individual's life course once again experienced a new standardization process. Specifically, the contents, tasks and challenges over the course of childhood, youth, and old-age have been changed according to the economic rearrangements. As powerful consumers, the main group of migrants and indicators of social changes, youth and adolescents are especially prominent and worthy of attention. This article analyzes the situation of young migrant workers and the ways in which they dream and make decisions about their future in a Taiwanese-owned factory in Shenzhen. It explores how the changing concept of adolescents has become a social mechanism for justifying the marginalization process which has taken place among contemporary Chinese rural youth and their in-between, belong-no-where situations. At first glance, 'marketized adolescents' encourages Chinese youth to become more and more individualistic, emphasizing individual freedom and individuality. But in fact, it is less about the individual's development and more about the way in which state, society and market justify its change after marketization and obscure the resulting social inequality and discrimination.