仙姑、台商與廟宇經理人：新時代的廈門土地公廟

A Fairy-like Woman, Taiwanese Businessmen, and Temple Managers: A New Age Temple of Earth God in Xiamen

廈門仙岳山土地公廟，座落於廈門島中部湖里區的仙岳山上。它原本和一般常見的土地公廟一樣，只是榕樹下一座小祠。但是隨著中國宗教政策鬆綁後，該廟快速擴展。今日，它已成為廈門市相當「靈驗」的廟宇：香煙裊裊，香客絡繹不絕。我們如何理解這種新型的廟宇？從弗里德曼（Maurice Freedman）的研究以來，福建民間宗教研究往往呈現與宗族以及地緣緊密結合的樣態。然而，今日的廈門土地公廟已呈現與過去不同的圖像。本文將從三個面向分析這座廟宇的發展：（1）宗教靈力的重建；（2）台商的加持；（3）廟宇如何成為跨國宗教、政治與文化的混合體。廈門仙岳山土地公廟的研究提供我們一個極佳的實例，讓我們理解當代福建／中國新型廟宇的發展。

The Tu Di Gong (Earth God) Temple is located on Xianyue Mountain in the Huli District of Xiamen Island. Originally, it was just a small earth deity shrine situated under a banyan tree. However, with the loosening of Chinese religious policies, it has developed into one of the most efficacious (lingyan) temple in Xiamen. In the work of Maurice Freedman, popular religion in Fujian is always associated with patriarchal lineages with a strong local sense. This paper analyzes the differences between the newly developed earth deity temple in Xianyue Mountain and traditional village temples in terms of: 1. the rebuilding of the spiritual power by a fairy-like woman; 2. the impact of Taiwanese businessmen; and 3. the celebration of the transnational cultural festival. The example of Tu Di Gong Temple on Xianyue Mountain will shed new light on recent temple developments in contemporary Fujian and throughout Mainland China.