傳統領域的裂解與重構：kucapungane人地圖譜與空間變遷的再檢視

The Division and Re-Construction of Traditional Territory: Re-Examining Human-Land Configuration and Spatial Change of Kucapungane

住地、耕地和獵場，是魯凱族人生活及生產的基地和舞台，常是他們重要的歷史經驗與文化傳遞的感知載體與記憶空間。對族人而言，分佈於住地、耕地和獵場中的地名和故事，是部落的口述歷史，也是銘刻在地景上的共同記憶，更是連結過去與現在的人地圖譜，文化傳承的重要機制。更為重要的，是它們所具有的集體認同符碼和文化脈絡的空間想像，提供了共同聚居的人群一種情感依附在世存有的家園感知。然而，住地、耕地和獵場，一如傳統領域中的其他空間和地景，從來就不是停滯不動地的狀態，而是各種力量，包括知識、權力及意識型態相互衝突、糾葛、交鋒與妥協的場域。本文擬以魯凱族kucapungane部落為案例，探討空間的變遷與持續，檢視外力如國家、基督宗教進入地方空間之後對當地的地景觀念與文化認同帶來的衝擊和影響，以及地方社會如何藉由部落地圖的行動，連結祖先與歷史記憶、重回失落的地景，建構新的空間認同。

Residential lands, farmlands and hunting grounds are important bases and arenas for the production and existence of the Rukai people. They are also significant as memory spaces for historical experience and cultural continuity. For the Rukai people, these place names and stories distributed over these lands and grounds, are not just oral history and common memories, but are also the human-land configuration that connects the past and present. However, these spaces are not always static or unchanging; in fact they become spaces and landscapes in the traditional territory in which various conflicting knowledges, powers and consciousnesses compete. This paper takes the Kuchapogan as an example to discuss the transformation and continuity of space and tries to view the impact and influence on landscape concepts and cultural identification when external force such as the state and western religion intervene in local space. Moreover, this paper will also look at how the local community connected ancestors and historical memories as well as re-constructed their spatial identification through mapping.