東晉初基奠定與所謂「三窟」之計

The Political Design of the “Three Shelters” and the Origins of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

光熙元年（306）司馬越（?－311）與王衍（256－311）入主中原之初，司馬越採納王衍所進計策經營洛陽、荊州與青州「三窟」，並以其親族呈東、西兩個方向組成兩個勢力圈。司馬越親族勢力圈的規劃，沒有充分顧及對於江東地域的定位，而可能修復親族勢力圈問題的「三窟」之計，又迭遭變故；反觀受命過江的司馬睿（晉元帝，276－323，318－323在位），卻能充分利用了自身在兩個親族勢力圈與「三窟」之計背景下所處的位置，因應它們的變遷，努力進取，最終實現了東晉初基之奠定。司馬睿的戰略布局除了在固守江東，力爭發展之外，其實仍照顧到了東－西向上的政治地理慣性，在永嘉五年（311）建立起了江州（夏口）－壽春－兗州這樣一條邊境防線，投合了當時中國由東西二元向南北分立漫長變化的歷史趨勢，為司馬氏政權贏得了歷史性的出口。

In 290, Sima Yue (司馬越) accepted the political design of the “Three Shelters” (三窟, Luoyang, Jingzhou, and Qingzhou) developed by Wang Yan (王衍), and divided his relatives into two spheres of influence in the East and West. However, as a result of his neglect of the Yangtze River Delta, Sima Yue's political stratagem experienced a series of setbacks. In contrast, Sima Rui (司馬睿) was not only able to exploit the two relational spheres of influence and the political design of the “Three Shelters”, but also succeeded in adapting to their transformations in order to lay the foundations of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although Sima Rui did not neglect the political division between East and West, there is no doubt that his ultimate success relied on his ability to adapt to the changes in the political geography of his time, which saw the old paradigm of the East-West division being slowly and gradually replaced by a North-South antagonism.