『秋山圖』中被敘述的繪畫──觀賞者的角色

Paintings Described in 'Syusanzu': The Role of the Viewer

《秋山圖》係芥川龍之介根據清朝文人畫家惲南田著「甌香館畫跋」中之〈記秋山圖始末〉改寫而成之小品，這種背景下產生之作品極易流於模仿，而被質疑具創作性與否；但芥川這篇《秋山圖》頗受好評，例如吉田精一認為芥川透過此篇作品，表達了自己的人生觀、藝術觀，具充分的創作性，給予相當高之評價。當然也不乏學者將《秋山圖》與原作〈記秋山圖始末〉做比較，論證芥川獨創之處（詳見本文）。芥川生長之時期正是日本畫壇出現新氣象之時期，無論官方或私人舉辦之畫展頗為頻繁，透過畫展拉近了一般國民與繪畫之距離，觀賞畫展──觀賞者之評論──成為當時藝術之一環。本稿參考彭春陽、邱雅芬等以受中國文化影響之角度探討的先行研究，除比較《秋山圖》與中國原著之異同外，針對文中觀賞者對繪畫之態度、評論，以及文中敘述者對繪畫作品做之描述等加以分析，並以芥川與友人往返之書信、『沼澤之地』等架構類似之作品為佐證資料，詮釋芥川透過『秋山圖』所欲表達之藝術觀及中國情懷等。

Akutagawa Ryunosuke wrote “Syusanzu” (“A Painting of Autumn Mountains”) based on Qing Dynasty literati painter Yun Nantian's “A Note on the Painting of Autumn Mountains”(originally collected in his art critique anthology “Postscripts of Paintings by Ouxiangguan”). More often than not, adaptations become mere imitations and lack originality. Yet Akutagawa's “Syusanzu” was well received by critics. Yoshida Seiichi praised this story, saying that Akutagawa expressed his view on life and art through this ingenious masterpiece. Of course, many other scholars have compared “Syusanzu” with “A Note on the Painting of Autumn Mountains” to prove its originality (we refer the reader to the body of the paper for details). Akutagawa grew up in a time when art in Japan was entering a new era. Art exhibitions were frequently held by both the government and private collectors, bringing paintings closer to the public. Going to an exhibition and critiquing paintings became an important part of artistic activities. This paper aims to interpret the art views and Chinese sentiments Akutagawa intended to express through “Syusanzu”by referencing previous studies done by Peng Chun-yang, Qiu Ya-fen etc from a Chinese perspective. Other than comparing and contrasting the difference between “Syusanzu” and its Chinese original, this paper will also analyze the comments on paintings made by viewers in this story and the narrator's descriptions of the paintings. Correspondence between Akutagawa and his friends, as well as other works of Akutagawa with similar structures (e.g. “Numa no Chi”) will also be referenced.